English Civil War (1 янв 1642 г. – 1 янв 1649 г.)

Описание:

Religious disputes ensued and divided the king and House of Commons, including the rise of Puritanism. Charles I married a French Catholic princess and supported policies of archbishop of Canterbury William Laud, who attempted to impose a new prayer book and bishoprics. Charles ignored grievances called against him and refused to call Parliament into session from 1629-1640, this era being called the "11 years of tyranny". He financed the government through stopgap levies considered illegal by most. He was eventually forced to call Parliament because of revolts by Scottish Calvinists. In 1641 the House of Commons passed the Triennial Act, which compelled the king to summon Parliament every 3 years and impeached Archbishop Laud. The Catholic gentry of Ireland then led an uprising in response to feared invasion by English anti-Catholics.

Lacking an army, Charles I could neither come to terms with the Scots nor respond to the Irish rebellion. Charles began to raise army in the north while Parliament formed the New Model Army. Parliament’s army defeated the king’s forces at the Battles of Naseby and Langport in summer of 1645. Charles refused defeat. In 1647, Puritan House of Commons member Oliver Cromwell’s forces captured the king and dismissed anti-Cromwell members of Parliament. Charles was tried, found guilty for high treason, and beheaded on January 30, 1649.

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