Crimean War (1 янв 1853 г. – 1 янв 1856 г.)

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The Crimean War was a conflict between Russia on one side and the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain, and Piedmont-Sardinia (a kingdom in modern-day Italy) on the other. The immediate cause of the war revolved around a dispute between France and Russia about the rights of Christian minorities in the Ottoman Empire (as France supported Roman Catholics and Russia supported Eastern Orthodox christians); however, both France and Britain also had an interest in preserving the declining Ottoman Empire to maintain the balance of power, while Russia wanted to expand into Ottoman territory.

In the end, Russia lost the war and capitulated in the Treaty of Paris. This result weakened the empire and sparked reforms that would seek to industrialize the state and modernize its social institutions (including the abolition of serfdom) so that Russia could avoid future humiliation.

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