Flight of the Kazakhs (19 авг 1916 г. – 20 авг 1916 г.)

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He traces the turning point in the escalation of violence to the flight of the terrified Kazakhs of the Botpaevskaia volost’ into the neighbouring Pishpek district between 6 and 7 August. Fleeing from a punitive expedition consisting of a Cossack sotnia, one infantry company, and a settler militia, groups of Kazakhs destroyed the telegraph, plundered the station and rustled cattle.62 In pursuit of the fleeing Kazakhs, the expedition seized and executed several Kazakh coachmen near the station of Otar.63 The now rebellious nomads of Botpaevskaia volost’ responded in kind, killing sixteen and taking thirty-five settlers captive.64 The flight of the Kazakhs to the Pishpek district between 6 and 7 August triggered a series of events culminating in the launch of concurrent attacks on the settlements and the siege of the city of Toqmaq. Collapsing p155

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