Adam de Halle (1 янв 1240 г. – 1 янв 1287 г.)

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was educated at university in Paris, and his music reflects this
training.
1. He is the only trouvère known to have written polyphony.
2. A chansonnier survives that includes only his works—a testament to his

Adam wrote a difficult type of music—polyphony—in a relatively folksy
genre, the rondel (rondeau). The form includes a refrain that returns throughout: AB a A ab AB.
See Ex. 2-3.
4. Another of these fixed forms (formes fixes) is the ballade, which resembles the
rondeau without the refrains (capital letters in the model): aab.
5. Yet another example of a fixed form is the virelai, which repeats one of the
melody of a non-repeating strain: A bba A.

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