Tsar Alexander II 1855-81 (1 янв 1855 г. – 13 март 1881 г.)

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The Several Attempts on the Tsar’s life encouraged him to move further down the path of secret and unrestrained repression when compared to Nicholas II. Consequently, Between 1870 and 1879 Tsardom promulgated but never published for public perusal nineteen laws expanding its arbitrary authority over the Russian people. While Alexander II initially served as a liberal reformer, by the 1870’s the euphoria toward this reform had worn off, and as discontent grew so too did the Tsar’s reliance on the Third Department.

Under M. T. Loris-Melikov, minister of internal affairs, immediate measures took place to increase political police operations abroad, as in his opinion there existed strong ties between the revolutionary emigration and the activities of ‘evil doers’ residing within Russia. He found the reports produced by the Third Section on this growing group of people virtually worthless. However, by the late 1870s the tsarist government believed that in the revolutionary emigration it confronted a group of radicals capable of disrupting Russian society through the commission of acts of terror, and reacted to this perceived threat by pursuing political police remedies.

*It appears that the divisions established by Shuvalov while having few agents serving abroad, controlled large networks of detectives and undercover agents, and given HPB’s letter, it is reasonable to assume she may have been a member.

*The Goal of the department is to limit the spread of revolutionary ideas among Russian Emigres

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