Cathode rays were discovered by Julius Plücker and Johann Wilhelm Hittorf. By placing a charge across a glass tube with a vacuum
inside and a phosphor coating outside, it was possible to get a bright glow. Electron travels in straight lines and leave shadows.
If the cathode rays hit a paddle with a phosphor coating, it would force the paddle to move signifying that cathode rays are particles (1 янв 1803 г. – 1 янв 1900 г.)