Ap Euro timeline
Category: История
Обновлено: 2 мес назад
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Created byEmily Skinner
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Roman Catholic Church
- Eternal life (senven Sacriments)
- Owns 1/2 of Europe
-Termperal power
- Parish Church: Center of village/keeps records/charities/hospitals/hosts festivals/saint days/creates calendar/intermedaries/KEY INSTITUTION/unwanted babies
- LATIN ( key language)Reconquista: a series of MILITARY AND CULTURAL CAMPAIGNS that European Christian kingdoms waged against the Muslim kingdoms following the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula by the Umayyad Caliphate, culminating in the reign of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain.Start of Renaissance and Exploration of the New World (1450-1648)Renaissance started before 14501) Triumphal Christendom
2) Life is communal
3) Villages are isolated
4) The region is decentralized
5) Subsistent Agriculture
6) Fear dominates life
7) Church organizes calender/life
8) Family unit
9) Guilds manufacture
10) Universities focus on theology
11) Life is harch, crual, and short
12) Tech+ Waterwheel, windmill, hores harness
13) Survival is goal
14) No individual (all people are part of groups)What Changed during the Renaissance?
1) Greek and Roman learning
2)Individuals emerge (Dante and Petrarch)
3) Secular (Live life now, not for the afterlife)
4)Asking questions (ask questions)
5) New tech - MEDICINE
6) Look outward (look towards the future)
7) New Languages (not just Latin)
8) Rise of Kings (kings are usually chosen by divine right)How was the Renaissance not a turning point
1) Spain had knowledge (since the 1100s)
2) Racism
3) Only 5% got the Renaissance
4)Men had a Renaissance (ladies stayed the same)
5) Gradual and slow progress
6) Roman Catholic church still dominating most of Europe (even has more power then kings)Italy was the main start of the Renaissance (causes for why the Renaissance started in Italy?)The Prince (book) written by Machiavelli
- Machiavelli six key ideas -Renasissance ArtConcordant of BolognaPolitical marriage of Louis XII and Anne of BrittanyItalian Renaissance
- Italian Humanism
- Art using proportions, balance, and geometric perspective
- Luxury goods
- Decentralized City StatesNorthern Renaissance
location: Spain, France, England
- Christian Humanism
- Art using color and detail
- Bulk goods
- Centralized nations under monarchiesThe Courtier - Castiglione
- Courtiers should write + speak eloquently; women = private sphereCreation of the Printing Press
- Vernacular literature!! (Everbody can read, however, not everyone can read due to lack of education)Technological advances and the Age of explorationFerdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile rule over Spain (Hasburgs) (Political marriage)Charles V (Hasburg of Spain)Habsburgs-Valois War
location: Spain, FranceStar Chamber foundedOttomans Capture Constantinople - Silk road trade = silk, compass, printing pressNavagation ActWar of the Spanish SuccessionTrans-Atlantic Slave TradeTreaty of Lodi
located: Italian statesDutch East India Company Established
location: The NetherlandsErasmus published "Praise of Folly"Martin Luther publishes 95 ThesesPeasant WarsEnlgish ReformationCalvinism is createdCoucil of TrentThirty Years war
(started out as a Religious war but turned into a political war)
- Def of PragueEdict of NatesFrench King Henry IV (1589-1610)
. Kept France at peace
. Issued Edict of Nantes (Religious tolerance for protestants)
. Focused on infustruce
. Promised more food to people
. was murdered in 1610 by a Catholic Zealot
. Lowered taxesCardinal Richelieu (1628-1661)
. Louis XIII's advisor
. Recruited an army
. Siege of La Rochelle (attempted to repress Huguenots)
. Allied with Gustavus Adolphus (Protestant) in the Thirty Years War
(French power> Religious control)
. Torn down noble's castles
. Suppresses minority groups in government
. Started the intendant system
. Invested in the French academy
. Promotes baroqu artwork
. Creator of the incident systemLouis XIV (1661-1715)
. Fronde -violent uprising against Louis XIII for increasing taxes, which ultimately made Louis XIV absolute
. AKA the Sun King
. NEVER CALLED HIS ESTATE GENERAL (limiting the power of nobles)
. REVOKED THE EDICT OF NANTES (Huguenots had to convert, leave, or die)
. Promoted absolute mercantilism
. Invested in the fur trade
. Promoted colonization (Haiti and Canadian land)
. Spanish War of Succession
. Signed the Treaty of Utrecht
. Dragoon Army (drafted)Versailles
. a French Palace where the government and the king's court are located
. All nobles and ambassadors had to spend their year at Versailles so they could be watched over
. Competition between nobles in order to control them
. Hundreds of domestic servants
. Overcoming living conditions
. King controlled the privileges of nobles such as levee and illumincee
. Women would work marriage politics
. Showcase french Power + WealthMagna Carta
-the first document to put into writing the principle that the king and his government was not above the lawReformationDissolution of the MonarchyTreaty of Augsburg▶️ French Revolution
- No more Aristocracy
- Meritocracy
- SuffrageNationalismCreation of the ZollverineFactory Act1830 Revolutions
- Belgium
- GreeceCrimean War
The cause of the Crimean War
- Russians wanted warm water ports
- Constantinople
- Brothers in the Orthodox faith
- The British and French helped the Ottomans to maintain the balance of power
- Cavour SardiniaParis CommuneRussian RevolutionEU : European unionWar of the Spanish Succession
- Tension between Catholics and protestants this caused the French to lose territoryWar of the League of Augsburg
- conflicts with the English, the Dutch, the Sweder, and teh Germans States which left France with (large) debt.Netherlands won their independence from Spain
- Netherlands = ConstitutionalismEnglish Civil War
-Causes
-Parliments Action
-Chales I ActionsGlourise Revolution
- english replaced their king without significant bloodshedEnglish Bill of RightsTriennial ActAn example of a time spanTreaty of WestphaliaAn example of a time spanThe Merchant class emerges with exploration
▶️ Merchants work with kings
- Justice of peace (Star Chamber)
- Nobles of the Robe
▶️ Nobility
- Nobles of blood
- Nobles of the Robe
- Own land
- Jobs: Generals & JudgesGerman Peasant RevoltPrive Revolution
▶️ Help Merchants rise and aristocracy wavers
- New books
- Double-entry bookkeeping
- Insurance
- Joint Stock companies
- Commercial agriculture
- Plantations
- EnclosureScience revolution▶️ Nobles
- Serfs
- Land
- Law
- Justice
▶️ Kings
- Foreign affairs
- Army
- Taxes
- Culture▶️ Agricultural revolution
- Rural proletariat
- Aristocracy must shift capital and (something - starting with i) or die
- Peasants decrease
- Cottage industry (weavers)▶️ Consumer Revolution
- More social mobility
- Enterpanuers
- Class gap grows▶️ Enlightenment
- End aristocracy privileges
- Abolition: Wilber, Wilberforce
- Attacks institutions
- Meritocracy
- Mobility▶️ Industrial Revolution
- Decrease in Aristocracy
- Working class
- Middle class▶️The 19th century age of class consciousness and the age of the middle class
- Aristocracy
- Upper middle class
- Middle middle class
- Lower middle class
- Labour union
- Skilled workers
- Unskilled workers▶️ Consumer + Ecomical mierical
- Social welfare state
- Education opps open
- Cold War▶️ Responsive nation state
▶️ Social Darwinism
▶️ Scientific racism▶️ The Great War
- Aristos gone
- Class consciousness decreases
- Decolonization
- More mobility
- Increase in White collar jobs▶️ Russian Revolution
- All are EQUALHaitian RevolutionExploration causes:
- What tech?
- Triangle trade
- Trans-Atlantic slave trade
- Trading ports empiresEnlightenmentUS and USSR’s proxy wars throughout the world: Cold WarChurchill’s “Iron Curtain Speech”US’s Truman Doctrine and Containment PolicyUSSR’S Berlin BlockadeUS’s Berlin Air liftNATO formed
&
Warsaw PactKorean WarThe US and USSR exploded hydrogen bombsJoseph StalinNikita KhrushchevLenoid BrezhnevMikhail GorbacgevGorbachev refused to mobilize the army against Lithuania and instead placed an embargo on it.Gorbachev allowed multi-party elections for the Duma in RussiaBoris Yeltsin was elected parliamentary leader of the Duma and openly declared that this parliament would put Russia's interests ahead of the USSR and would be planning to declare independence from the USSRWWII endsGermany is reunitedSchuman plan European Coal and Steel cooperation (6 members)European Common Market (6 members)Common market grows to fifteen membersTreaty of Maastricht
- Set new criteria for membership on neoliberal lines
- Privatisation and the decreased power of unions
- Brussels sets common standards and regulationsEuropean Union, Political and social unityMarshall PlanSingle European Act
- Free movement of capital, labor, and services
- New members join (Denmark, Ireland, UK, Greece, - Portugal, Spain, Austria, Finland, Sweden)
- Pledge to get a single currency prepared to launch ( they will use economic liberalism to set it up)Napoleon spreads Liberalism and NationalismAlexander I (-Congress of Vienna -Holy Alliance -Reactionary)Decembrist Revolution
What the Decemberists want
- Property-owning men vote
- Constitution
- Individual rights
- Abolishment of serfdomGreat Reforms - Alexander II
Alexander II reforms
- Abolishes Serfdom
- Zemstvo (local assembly) - town council
- Judicial reforms (Jury trial and speedy trial)Nicholas IIRusso-Japanese WarSocialismMarxismNapoleon is defeatedLimited LiabilityRepeal of the Combination Act (this allowed for unions)Irish potato famine (lasts till 1848)Napoleon - Confederation of the RhineCongress of Vienna - German con. - AustriaZollevein - Presiden - Prussia1848 revolutions - Austria - ends serfdom
1848 Revolutions - Victor Emmanuel II - Constitution for Sardinia1830 Revolutions - Joseph Mazzini
1830 Revolutions - Young Italy - MazziniBohemian Phase
- Small localized war in Bohemia between Protestant Union and the Chatholic leagueDanish Phase
- King of Denmark, who was Protestent, lead attacks of Catholics (king of denmark was defeated)Swedish Phase
- Marks the point at which the war extended beyond the borders of the Holy Roman Empire and became a proper European warFrench Phase
- Used this war as an excuse to fight with the Habsburgs in Spain in order to ensure that they would not rebuild from the Protestant defeats (marks how the Thirty year war started to become a political conflict)
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