chapter 13-mallory c
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The Penitentiary Era (1790-1825)Philosophy- Rehabilitation,Deterrence.
-Viewed incarceration as an opportunity for penance and saw the prisons as a place where offenders can make amends with society and accept the responsibilities for their misdeeds.The mass (Congregate) prison Era (1825-1876)
Philosophy- Incapacitation, deterrence.
-New York state prison at Auburn was one of the first large prisons to abandon the Pennsylvania model,Auburn introduced the congregate but silent system which inmates lived, ate , and worked together in enforced silence ( also known as the Auburn System).The Reformatory Era (1876-1890)
Philosophy-Rehabilitation
-Tension between the Auburn and Pennsylvania systems was resolved in 1876 with the emergence of the reformatory style.The Industrial Era (1890- 1935)
Philosophy- Incapacitation, restoration
-with failure of the reformatory style of prison, discipline became dominant in prisons ,inmate populations rose, and states began to study some different practices and ended up discovering the potential profitability of inmate labor leading to the industrial era being founded.The Punitive Era (1935-1945)
Philosophy-Retribution
-the result of the punitive era was characterized by the belief that prisoners owed debt to society and only a rigorous period of confinement could pay for it.The Treatment Era (1945-1967-
Philosophy- rehabilitation
-based on a medical model of corrections- one implied the offender was sick and rehabilitation was the only matter of treatment ,making inmates more of a client or patient rather then as offenders.The community based Era(1967-1980)
Philosophy-restoration, rehabilitation
-the transition to community corrections also known as (deinstitutionalization, diversion, decarceration) was based on the premise that rehabilitation could not occur in isolation from the free social world which inmates eventually will return to.The warehousing Era(1980-1995)
Philosophy-incapacitation
-an imprisonment strategy that is based on the desire to prevent reuccuring crimes.The just Deserts era(1995-2012)
Philosophy-retribution, incapacitation, deterrence.
-In which imprisonment is seen as a fully deserved and proper consequence of criminal and irresponsible behavior rather than just the end result of a bankrupt system unable to reform its charges.The Evidence Based era( 2012-
Philosophy-cost effective workable solutions.
-represents a rational science based approach to corrections because it employs social scientific research in determining what practices to implement.
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