Comp Science
Category: Наука
Обновлено: 3 мес назад
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Created byAlexander Savchenko
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1940s: The Birth of Computing1950s: First Generation Computers & High-Level Languages1960s: Minicomputers & Advanced Programming Languages1970s: Microcomputers & Modern Programming Languages1980s: Personal Computers & Object-Oriented Programming1990s: Graphical User Interfaces & Web Development2000s: Mobile Computing & Open-Source Growth2010s: Cloud Computing & AI/ML Surge2020s: Advanced AI, Quantum Computing & 5GПериоды
Hardware:
ENIAC (1946)
Size: Room-sized (~1,800 sq. ft.)
Processing: 5,000 additions per second
Price: $500,000+ (~$7M today)
Software:
Languages: Machine Code, Assembly Language
Key Feature: Manual coding in binary, very low-level programmingHardware:
UNIVAC I (1951)
Size: Large cabinet-sized
Processing: 1,000 instructions per second
Price: $1 million (~$10M today)
Software:
Languages: FORTRAN (1957), COBOL (1959)
FORTRAN: Used for scientific and mathematical computations
COBOL: English-like syntax, business-focused applicationsHardware:
IBM System/360 (1964)
Size: Cabinet-sized
Processing: 500,000 instructions per second
Price: $2.5 million (~$22M today)
Software:
Languages: BASIC (1964), ALGOL (1960), Lisp (1958)
BASIC: Beginner-friendly, used in education
ALGOL: Foundation for modern languages (C, Pascal)
Lisp: Used in AI research and symbolic computingHardware:
Altair 8800 (1975)
Size: Desktop-sized
Processing: 2 MHz
Price: $439 (~$2,200 today)
Software:
Languages: C (1972), Pascal (1970)
C: Low-level, fast programming, used in systems and OS
Pascal: Structured programming, used for teachingHardware:
IBM PC (1981)
Size: Desktop-sized
Processing: 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 processor
Price: $1,565 (~$5,000 today)
Software:
Languages: C++ (1985), Perl (1987)
C++: Object-oriented, used in systems and game development
Perl: Used for text manipulation and web scriptingHardware:
Pentium PCs (1993)
Size: Desktop/laptop
Processing: 60-300 MHz processors
Price: $2,000 (~$4,000 today)
Software:
Languages: Java (1995), JavaScript (1995), PHP (1995), Python (1991)
Java: Cross-platform development
JavaScript: Dynamic web scripting
PHP: Server-side web scripting
Python: General-purpose, readable, growing in popularityHardware:
MacBook (2006)
Size: Portable (laptop-sized)
Processing: 1.83 GHz Intel Core Duo
Price: $1,299 (~$1,800 today)
Software:
Languages: Ruby (2000), Swift (2004), C# (2000)
Ruby: Web development (Ruby on Rails)
Swift: iOS/macOS development
C#: Microsoft .NET, game development with UnityHardware:
ARM Chips (2020s)
Size: Mobile, compact (smartphones, tablets)
Processing: 2-3 GHz ARM processors
Price: $300-$1,200 (~$350-$1,400 today)
Software:
Languages: Go (2009), Rust (2010), Kotlin (2011), TensorFlow (2015)
Go: Fast, cloud-native applications
Rust: Memory-safe, high-performance
Kotlin: Android development
TensorFlow: Open-source AI frameworkHardware:
Quantum Computers (e.g., IBM Q System One, 2020s)
Size: Specialized environments (cryogenics)
Processing: Quantum bits (qubits), parallel processing
Price: $10M+
Consumer PCs (e.g., Apple M1/M2, Intel 11th gen)
Size: Compact
Processing: Up to 3.5 GHz
Price: $1,000-$3,000
Software:
Languages: Julia (2012), Dart (2011), PyTorch (2016), R (growing in popularity)
Julia: High-performance scientific computing
Dart: Mobile/web with Flutter
PyTorch: AI/ML framework
R: Data science, statistical computing
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