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April 1, 2024
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Обновлено 5 мес назад
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Sherry
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Tara Guo
nice nice
5 мес назад
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Democritus
John Dalton 1803 English schoolteacher
Michael Faraday 1839 English chemist
J. J. Thomson 1896 English physicist
Robert Millikan 1909 American physicist University of Chicago
Ernest Rutherford 1909
Henry Moseley (1887-1915) Rutherford student
Niels Bohr 1911
Периоды
a Greek philosopher proposal All matter around us is made of indivisible tiny particles- “atomos”
1.Elements are made of tiny particles called atoms. 2.Atoms of one element are identical while atoms of different elements are different. 3. Conversation of atoms--- rearrangement in RXN (Lavoisier previously stated this in terms of the Law of Conservation of Matter) 4.Different atoms form compounds in constant ratios. (Proust previously stated this in terms of the constant mass ratios)
The structure of atoms is somehow related to electricity.
1.Discovered atoms have negative particles (electrons) using a cathode ray tube. 2.Discovered electron’s charge to mass ratio: 1.76 x 108 C/g
Thomson’s Plum Pudding Model, 1900 Electrons are dispersed in a uniform positive charge.
Measured the charge of an electron using oil droplets. Electron’s charge: 1.60 x 10-19 C Electron’s mass: 9.11 x 10-28 g
Rutherford’s Nucleus Theory Positive charge is not like a pudding, but concentrated in the nucleus as shown in the Gold Foil (alpha particle) experiment *Most of an atom is empty space *1919- named positive charge the proton (+1) *1932- Rutherford and James Chadwick discover neutron in nucleus (no charge)
Moseley’s Atomic # Each element contains a unique number of protons. (atomic #)
Bohr’s Orbit Model *Electrons orbit the nucleus. *Model based on the hydrogen atom *Energy of the electrons is quantized.
The Bohr-Rutherford model is a collective effort of Bohr and Rutherford. Bohr added some opinions and put forward that " Energy had set energy levels".
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