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Gerda Meyer-Bernstein. Shrine, (1991).Pearl Hirshfield, Shadows of Auschwitz (1989).Mischa Kuball, Hitler's Cabinet (1990).Shimon Attie, The Writing on the Wall (1992)Richard Serra, The Drowned and the Saved (1992).Elaine Reichek, A Postcolonial Kinderhood (1993).Lisa Kokin, Inventory, (1997).Piotr Uklański, Dance Floor (1996).Miroslaw Balka, 'How It Is' (2009Christian Boltanski, Personnes (2010)Bohm-Duchen, Monica, et al., After Auschwitz: Responses to the Holocaust in Contemporary Art
(1995).Biber, K. ‘Bad Holocaust Art, ’ Law Text Culture, no. 13, 2009.Bishop, Claire. Artificial Hells: Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship (2012).In 1992, Hirsch introduced the term "postmemory,"The Gayssot Act was implemented in FranceIn Belgium, Holocaust denial was made illegal in 1995.Cesarani, D. (1991). Antisemitism in the 1990s. Patterns of Prejudice, 25(2), 13-16.Home Affairs Committee
Antisemitism in the UK Tenth Report of Session 2016–17The British National Party (BNP) formedPublication: Raphael; Jennifer Patai (1989). The Myth of the Jewish Race. Wayne State University Press.Community Security Trust (CST) received charitable status in 1994Bartov, O. (1996) Murder in our midst: the Holocaust, industrial killing, and representation. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.Finzi, R. (1998) Anti-semitism. New York, N.Y.: Interlink Books.Niewyk, D.L. (1997) The Holocaust: problems and perspectives of interpretation.Michael R. Marrus (1995). ‘Jewish Resistance to the Holocaust’, Journal of Contemporary History, 30(1), pp. 83–110.Film: Schindler's List (1993) released in UKFilm: Life Is Beautiful (1997) is released in ItalyFilm: Life Is Beautiful (1997) is released in the UKDocumentary: The Last Days (1998)Report: Social and political attitudes of British JewsReport: Cultural politics and European JudaismReport: A new Jewish identity for post-1989 EuropeReport: Developing Jewish Museums in EuropeReport: Combating Holocaust denial through law in the United KingdomBy 2030, projections indicate that only 2% of Holocaust survivors will have been aged 14 or older at end of warAnselm Kiefer, Breaking of the Vessels, (1990)."for the dead and the living, we must bear witness" Elie WieselPam Skelton, Ponar, 1996Tibor Balogh's installation 'Rain of Tears' in the Hidden Holocaust exhibition at the Mucsarnok in Budapest (2004The Holocaust in contemporary art, Royal Festival Hall, London 26 February-17 April 1995Cruikshank, Julie. "Oral Tradition and Material Culture: Multiplying Meanings of ‘Words’ and ‘Things,’" Anthropology Today 8, No. 3 (June 1992): 5-9.Halbwachs, Maurice. On Collective Memory. London: University of Chicago Press, 1992.Hirsch, Marianne. Family Frames: Photography, Narrative and Postmemory. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.James E. Young, “Germany’s Holocaust Memorial Problem—and Mine,” The Public Historian, vol. 24, no. 4 (2002): p. 80.Lisa Saltzman, Anselm Kiefer and art after Auschwitz, 1999.The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe (2005) designed by architect Peter Eisenman and Buro Happold. Berlin, Germany."Forgetting the extermination is part of the extermination itself"
(Jean Baudrillard, 1987: 23)Sol LeWitt, Black Form Dedicated to the Missing Jews, 1987Rachel Whiteread, The Judenplatz Holocaust Memorial (2000) Vienna, Austria.Richard Serra, Gravity, 1993George Segal, The Holocaust, 1982Anselm Kiefer, Sternenfall, 1998Ellsworth Kelly, Memorial, 1993Emma Kay, Worldview, 1999Michael David, A Jew in Germany, 1993Nancy Spero, Masha Bruskina, 1995.Auschwitz Birkenau opens as a museumOświęcim conference“Kanada II” set fireAdolf Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany.The War Cabinet approved a proposal that a museum be founded to record WW1.The Adolf Eichmann Trial startsThe Adolf Eichmann sentenced to death.David Baddiel's book "Jews Don't Count" is published.Dara Horn's "People Love Dead Jews: Reports from a Haunted Present" is published.Documentary: The Devil Next DoorFilm: The Devil's Arithmetic released in the US“absence means symbolic annihilation”
(Gerbner and Gross, 1976: 82).Talk - The Holocaust: A perspective of an Art curatorThe Degenerate Art exhibition opens in MunichLuc Tuymans, Gaskamer (Gas Chamber), 1986.Film: "The Search" (1948), directed by Fred Zinnemann.Film: "The Murderers Are Among Us" (1946), a German film directed by Wolfgang Staudte."Jews in the UK today: Key findings from the JPR National Jewish Identity Survey"SEVEN PORTRAITS: SURVIVING THE HOLOCAUSTArthur Miller's Broken Glass (1994) opens on Broadway (US).Israel–Hamas war hostage crisisANTISEMITIC INCIDENTS REPORT JANUARY-JUNE 2024Picasso "One's work is a way of keeping a diary."“May History Attest for us” 19 Year old David Graber's final letterUprising in the Warsaw GhettoGermany invaded Poland.“A crack. A shot. Two bodies lying on the street. Two Jews fewer in the world.”By November 15, 1940, the Ghetto was fully
constructed held approx 400,000 Polish Jews.The Great Deportation begins in Poland.Hilter's Mein Kampf is publishedKristallnachtThe burning down of the last hut at Bergen-Belsen camp.The first UK National Holocaust Memorial Day was held in 2001.Foreign Secretary Anthony
Eden’s statement to the House of Commons
evidences knowledge of concentration camps.The Riegner telegram“it was an ocean we were drowning in, and we planned ways to drag our
murderer into it."Szmul Zygielbojm died by suicideFilm: The film “The Zone of Interest”, directed and written by Jonathan Glazer,
world premiere at Cannes.Martin Amis’ novel The Zone of Interest is published.The Holocaust Education Trust is founded (UK)Gena Turgel's autobiography I Light A Candle is publishedJewish Museum London is foundedThe London Museum of Jewish Life is foundedThe Last Survivors directed by Arthur Cary airs on BBCHolocaust: Night Will Fall is released in UK.Steve McQueen's Occupied City is released in the UK.Three Minutes: A Lengthening directed by Bianca Stigter is released in the UK.265,000 inhabitants of the ghetto had been deported to the Treblinka extermination camp.The murders of the Lodz ghetto began in Chelmno with gas vansFilm: Life Is Beautiful (1997) is released in the UK (copy)Jojo Rabbit directed by Taika Waititi, released in the UK 1 January 2020, inspired by Caging Skies by Christine Leunens.Denial directed by Mick Jackson, released in the UK 27 January 2017.Misha and the Wolves directed by Sam Hobkinson, released in the UK 14 August 2021.Bye Bye Germany directed by Sam Garbarski, released in the UK 8 April 2018.Bye Bye Braverman directed by Sidney Lumet, released in the UK 6 August 1968.The Bloom of Yesterday directed by Chris Kraus, released in the UK 17 November 2017.Winter Journey directed by Anders Østergaard and Erzsébet Rácz, released in the UK 16 February 2020.Schindler's List directed by Steven Spielberg, released in the UK 25 February 1994.Sarah's Key directed by Gilles Paquet-Brenner, released in the UK 5 August 2011.Defiance directed by Edward Zwick, released in the UK 9 January 2009.Inglourious Basterds directed by Quentin Tarantino, released in the UK 21 August 2009.The Reader directed by Stephen Daldry, released in the UK 2 January 2009.Sophie’s Choice directed by Alan J. Pakula, released in the UK 7 October 1983.My Führer – The Really Truest Truth about Adolf Hitler directed by Dani Levy, released in the UK 17 August 2007.The Devil’s Mistress directed by Filip Renč, released in the UK 3 June 2017.The Zookeeper’s Wife directed by Niki Caro, released in the UK 28 April 2017.Operation Finale directed by Chris Weitz, released in the UK 14 September 2018.The Resistance Banker directed by Joram Lürsen, released in the UK 11 September 2018.The Photographer of Mauthausen directed by Mar Targarona, released in the UK 22 February 2019.The Pianist directed by Roman Polanski, released in the UK 24 January 2003.The Lady in Number 6: Music Saved My Life directed by Malcolm Clarke, released in the UK 8 February 2014.The Book Thief directed by Brian Percival, released in the UK 26 November 2013.Life Is Beautiful directed by Roberto Benigni, released in the UK 12 February 1999.The Secrets We Keep directed by Yuval Adler, released in the UK 30 October 2020.Black Book directed by Paul Verhoeven, released in the UK 19 January 2007.The Pawnbroker directed by Sidney Lumet, released in the UK 18 February 1965.Au Revoir les Enfants directed by Louis Malle, released in the UK 23 October 1987.Remember directed by Atom Egoyan, released in the UK 31 December 2015.Everything Is Illuminated directed by Liev Schreiber, released in the UK 25 November 2005.Lore directed by Cate Shortland, released in the UK 22 February 2013.Bent directed by Sean Mathias, released in the UK 26 September 1997.Europa Europa directed by Agnieszka Holland, released in the UK 26 April 1991.The Devil's Arithmetic directed by Donna Deitch, released in the UK 28 March 1999 (TV Movie).The Grey Zone directed by Tim Blake Nelson, released in the UK 3 May 2002, based in part on Auschwitz: A Doctor's Eyewitness Account by Miklós Nyiszli.The Eichmann Show directed by Paul Andrew Williams, released in the UK 20 January 2015 (TV Movie).Toyland directed by Jochen Alexander Freydank, released in the UK 22 February 2009.The Revolt of Job directed by Imre Gyöngyössy and Barna Kabay, released in the UK 24 June 1984.The Trees Will Remember directed by Magdalena Górka, released in the UK 18 November 2016.Jakob the Liar directed by Peter Kassovitz, released in the UK 19 November 1999.The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas directed by Mark Herman, released in the UK 12 September 2008.Albert Bloch, March of the Clowns (1941)Morris Kestelman, Lama Sabachthani [Why have you forsaken me?] (1943)Norbert Troller, Terezin (1943)Bill (Wilhelm) Spira, Prisoners Carrying Cement (1944)Felix Nussbaum, Study of Skeleton Playing a Clarinet for the Painting 'Death Triumphant' (c. 1944)George Mayer-Marton, Women with Boulders (1945)Jan Hartman, Death March (Czechowice-Bielsko, January 1945) (1945)Edgar Ainsworth, Belsen (1945)Leslie Cole, Belsen Camp: The compound for women (1945)Eric Taylor, A Young Boy From Belsen Concentration Camp (1945)Doris Zinkeisen, Human Laundry (1945)Mary Kessell, Notes from Belsen Camp (1945)Roman Halter, Mother with Babies (1974)Anni Albers, Six Prayers (1965-66)Edith Birkin, The Death Cart - Lodz Ghetto (1980)Michael David, Warsaw (1980)Shmuel Dresner, Benjamin (1982)Christian Boltanski, Monument (Odessa) (1989-2003)Nancy Spero, Masha Bruskina (1995)Michael David, A Jew in Germany (1993)Shoshana Dentz, Broken Glass (2000)Say I'm a Jew by Pier Marton (1985)Mindy Weisel, Even So He Kissed Her Goodbye, 1985.Theodor Adorno: ''after Auschwitz, to write a poem is barbaric.''Auschwitz-Birkenau (Poland)Belzec (Poland)Bergen-Belsen (Germany)Buchenwald (Germany)Chelmno (Poland)Dachau (Germany)Dora-Mittelbau (Germany)Flossenburg (Germany)Gross-Rosen (Poland)Janowska (Ukraine)Kaiserwald (Latvia)Majdanek (Poland)Mauthausen (Austria)Natzweiler-Struthof (France)Neuengamme (Germany)Oranienburg (Germany)Plaszow (Poland)Ravensbruck (Germany)Sachsenhausen (Germany)Sobibor (Poland)Stutthof (Poland)Terezin (Czech Republic)Treblinka (Poland)Westerbork (Netherlands)Gusen (Austria)Jasenovac (Croatia)Maly Trostenets (Belarus)Riga-Kaiserwald (Latvia)Kovno (Kaunas) (Lithuania)Koldichevo (Belarus)Pustkow (Poland)Strasshof (Austria)Vught (Netherlands)Vaivara (Estonia)Drancy (France)Mechelen (Malines) (Belgium)Neo Nazi Anders Behring Breivik kills 77 people in Norway in a terrorist attack.Convoy tours north London with speaker shouting 'F**k the Jews, rape their daughters'Anne Frank statue in Amsterdam vandalisedFiddler on the Roof is released in the UK.Battle of Cable Street, LondonMosley's New Party became the British Union of Fascists (BUF) in 1932.Mosley is imprisonedFilm: Yentl (1983)Grime star Wiley loses MBE over antisemitic commentsWiley dropped by management over anti-Semitic postsThe Home Affairs Select Committee launch an inquiry into antisemitism in the UKIn 2016 Labour commissioned the Chakrabarti InquiryGovernment Action on AntisemitismPhilip Guston, Monument, 1976,Allan Wexler, Indoor Sukkah (1991).Anselm Kiefer, Margarete, 1981.Karl Weschke, Pillar of Smoke, 1964.Rachel Roggel, The Scream – Lvov 1941, 2008.Book Burnings take placeDavid Irving sued Deborah Lipstadt, a historianBlack Milk – Holocaust in Contemporary Art
18 January–27 April 2014, Denmark.Piotr Uklanski, The Nazis (detail), 1998.Projects 32: Art Spiegelman (1992)Albert J. Winn, Akedah, 1995.Moritz Müller, Rooftops in the Winter (1944)Bedrich Fritta, Rear Entrance (1941-1944)Karl Bodek and Kurt Conrad Löw, One Spring (1941)Leo Haas, Transport Arrival, 1942Charlotte Salomon, Self-portrait (1939-1941)Dor Guez's installation, Letters from the Greater Maghreb 2021Christian Boltanski, Réserve des Suisses morts, 1990Christian Boltanski, The Storehouse, 1988Christian Boltanski, Images cachées, 2012Christian Boltanski, Enfants d'Oiron, 2012Christian Boltanski, Les Miroirs, 2000Claude Lanzmann, Shoah (1985)Периоды
Gay Block: Rescuers of the Holocaust exhibitionWW2UK PM: Neville ChamberlainUK PM: Winston ChurchillUK PM: Clement AttleeUK PM: Winston Churchill
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