Final Exam Timeline
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Обновлено: 26 июн 2023
Assistance for the Social 7 Final Exam
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Newfoundland: The British Colony (1729)
1729 - Over time, the number of British
newcomers in Newfoundland began to grow.
The king, George II, granted the captains
permission to build fishing villages on the
coast. As the villages grew, Britain could no
longer ignore the island. In 1729, the king
appointed a governor. Newfoundland was
evolving from a fishing station into a colony.The Treaty Of Utrecht (1713)
Britain and France fought many wars
against each other in Europe. Sometimes,
these conflicts affected their colonies in
North America. In 1713, the two imperial
powers signed the Treaty of Utrecht to
create peace in Europe. The agreement
allowed the French to keep control of the
Fortress of Louisbourg on Île Royale
(present-day Cape Breton), while the French
colony of Acadia was given to the British.
The British renamed the colony Nova
Scotia. Otherwise, they let the habitants
Creation of Halifax (1749)
1749 - Eventually, Britain became more concerned
about the strong French presence in Nova
Scotia and at the Fortress of Louisbourg. So,
in 1749 Britain decided to show its
sovereignty over Nova Scotia. This means it
would tighten its control over the former
French colony.
The British planned to build a town
and a fort in Nova Scotia at a place the
Mi’kmaq [MIG-mah] called Chebucto,
meaning “the biggest harbour.” It was to
become a base for British troops and naval
ships. Sixteen Creation of HBC (1670)
1670 - King Charles II of England granted
a monopoly to the Hudson’s Bay Company.
The monopoly covered all the lands drained
by the rivers that flowed into Hudson Bay. It
was a vast territory consisting of most of
what is now Western and Northern Canada.
The British called the area Rupert’s
Land, after Prince Rupert, the first head of
the company. The Hudson’s Bay Company
was not interested in building a colony. They
were merchants, interested only in trade.
They built trading posts York Factory Captured (1697)
The French victory was not complete,
though. The British remained in control of
York Factory at the mouth of the Nelson
River. The most famous soldier in New
France, Pierre Le Moyne d’Iberville, led
French troops in several attempts to capture
York Factory. In 1697, he finally succeeded
in a daring naval battle on the waters of the
bay.Time To Give Everything Back (1713)
The French victories in Rupert’s Land
did not last. The Treaty of Utrecht brought
peace between Britain and France both in
North America and in Europe. It returned
the Hudson Bay lands, Acadia, and
Newfoundland to the British in 1713.Периоды
Filles du Roi (1665 - 1673)
Aside from nuns, few French women were
interested in living in New France. It was far
from home, and life there was very harsh.
But the colony needed women to marry the
male colonists and raise families. Without
them, New France would fail to grow and
prosper.
The king had a solution. Between 1665
and 1673, he sent about 900 single young
women and girls to New France to become
wivesJohn Cabot (1497 - 1498)
1497 - John Cabot was given a commission by King Henry VII of England
to explore the New World and he arrived at Newfoundland, which is now
a part of Canada, in June of 1497.
When he returned
to England, he reported seeing fish so
plentiful they could be caught just by
lowering a basket into the water.
Soon hundreds of ships were
fishing* in the waters off the coast of this
“New Found Land.”
1498 - After the success of his first journey to North America in 1497, his
returned Jacques Cartier (1534 - 1542)
1534 - Cartier set out across the Atlantic to find a route to Asia.
He came across a group of Mi’kmaq the Gulf of St. Lawrence. He also
went to Gaspe where he encountered the Haud.
1535 - Cartier returned to North America with Donnacona’s sons.
Cartier and his crew decided to stay the winter, however, many of the
crew died from scurvy, but the Haudenosaunee had a cure for scurvy.
Without their help, Cartier and his men would've died.
1536 - Cartier forcibly took DonnaconSamuel de Champlain (1567 - 1635)
(1567 - 1635) - Along with the founding of Acadia
and Port Royal, Samuel de Champlain worked to build
the colony at Québec and to develop the fur trade.
He lived in Québec for 27 years. During that
time, he returned to France eight times to
persuade the king to send more French colonists
and to provide greater support for the settlement.Pierre de Monts (1604 - 1608)
1604 - A French noble named Pierre de
Monts received a monopoly. He sailed to
North America to set up a colony. He took a
map-maker and explorer named Samuel de
Champlain with him.
1605 - de Monts established a settlement at
Port Royal on the Bay of Fundy. The French
called the area Acadia.
1608 - Port Royal was a long way from the fur
trade, so de Monts and Champlain decided to
move to the St. Lawrence The French colonists
called their settlement Québec. The name
means Jesuits (1625 - 1759)
1625 - Jesuits were members of a religious
community called the Society of Jesus. The
Jesuits first came to New France as missionaries
to both convert native peoples such as the Huron
to Christianity and also to instill European values
within them. Though they thought they were
doing the right thing, they assimilated FN culture
and tore apart nations like the Huron.Sovereign Council (1663 - 1760)
1663 - King Louis XIV took control of
the colony from the merchants. He set up a
Sovereign Council to govern the colony.
This council was made up of appointed
councillors and three key officials.Seigneurial System (1627 - 1854)
1627 - In this system, the king gave
large tracts of land along the St.
Lawrence River to the nobles, called
seigneurs. In return, each seigneur
had to find colonists to settle the
land. These colonists, known as habitants,
rented strips of land from the seigneur and
set up farms. The river was used for travel
and irrigation. Both seigneurs and habitants
had duties to each other that were protected
by law. For example, each habitant had to
give the seigneur a portion of13 Colonies (1607 - 1776)
1607 - King James I of England knew it would
cost a great deal of money to set up the
colonies. However, he did not want to risk
losing the government’s money. Instead, in
1607 he began granting permission to
private groups who were interested in
setting up colonies along the eastern coast
of North America. Eventually, colonists from Britain
established 13 separate colonies along the eastern
coast of the present-day United StatesAttack on HBC (1686 - 1713)
Meanwhile, the French fur traders decided
they could not stand by while the English
grabbed up all the furs in Rupert’s Land. In
1686, a French soldier named Pierre de
Troyes led a bold attack on the British forts
along the bay. The French surprised the British by travelling from the interior by
canoe, instead of arriving in the bay by
ship. De Troyes and his troops easily
captured Rupert House, Moose Factory, and
Albany Factory on James Bay. The British
were caught off-guard. TThe Great Peace of Montreal (1701 - 1760)
Three nations banded together to fight the
Haudenosaunee. The Council of Three Fires
had many successes.
Their efforts made the Haudenosaunee
more and more weary of war.
After six decades, the First Nations and
New France were ready to discuss peace. In
the summer of 1701, 1300 delegates from
40 First Nations communities arrived in
Montréal.
All parties showed the quality of good
citizenship by working hard to find a way to
end the fighting. At the end of the peacCreation of the North West Company (1779 - 1821)
1779 - A group of the new traders
from Montréal formed the North West
Company. Known as the Nor’Westers, they
extended the fur trade farther than it had
been in the days of New France. Now the
goal of the company was to make money
rather than to build a colony. These traders
ran an efficient business while embracing
the traditional methods of the French fur
traders. They worked hard to improve ties
made by the French with the First Nations
peoples.
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