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First larger cities built in Mesopotamia (5000 BCE)Anu Ziggurat of Uruk built (3500-3000 BCE)Cuneiform writing invented by the Sumerians (3200 BCE)Invention of the wheel (3000 BCE)War between Sumer and Elam (2700 BCE)Akkadians invade Sumerian city-states (2340 BCE)Hammurabi of Babylon overthrew the Akkadians and established a new empire (1792 BCE)Code of Hammurabi introduced (1772 BCE)Hammurabi held the whole of Mesopotamia under control of his Babylonian empire(1755 BCE)Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics invented (3200 BCE)Upper and Lower Egypt unified under the rule of the Pharaoh Menes (3100 BCE)First female Pharaoh ruled Egypt: Hatshepsut (1470 BCE)Pharaoh Tutankhamun reinstates traditional religious beliefs in cult of Amun after his father, Akhenaten, changed Egyptian religion to a cult of Aten (1334 BCE)Alexander the Great conquers Egypt (332 BCE)Rosetta Stone created: Egyptian Hieroglyphics, Demotic Script, Ancient Greek (196 BCE)Battle of Actium (31 BCE)Cleopatra VII dies and Egypt becomes part of the Roman Empire (30 BCE)City State of Mycenae fell (1100 BCE)First Olympic games held (776 BCE)Archon Solon made legal reforms for Draco’s law code: road to democracy (594 BCE)Alexander the Great conquered Egypt (332 BCE)Battle of Gaugamela (331 BCE)Alexander the Great’s death: Greece split into 3 kingdoms: Seleucid Dynasty, Antigonid Dynasty, Ptolemaic Dynasty (323 BCE)Battle of Actium: Entire hellenic world becomes subject of Rome (31 BCE)Cyrus II: Founded Achaemenid Empire (550 BCE)Cyrus II: invaded and captured Babylon (539 BCE)Cambyses II: Egypt’s ancient capital Memphis fell to Persians (525 BCE)Darius I rebuilt Royal Road (500 BCE)Persian victory at the battle of Thermopylae (480 BCE)Persian Empire conquered by Alexander the Great (334 BCE)Seleucid Empire emerges after Alexander the Great’s death from the fallen Persian Empire (323 BCE)Kingdom of Rome began (753 BCE)Roman Republic began (509 BCE)Officials began to carve Roman laws down onto 12 tablets (451 BCE)Spartacus’ slave revolt began (73 BCE)First Triumvirate: Julius Caesar, Marcus Crassus, Gnaeus Pompey (60 BCE)Battle of Actium (31 BCE)Roman Empire began (27 BCE)Chandragupta I founded and started a rapid expansion of the Gupta Empire in northern India (320 CE)Samudragupta founded his second capital at Ujjain in the Madhya Pradesh state (400 CE)Cave temples at Udayagiri in Madhya Pradesh built and decorated with carving (one has the date 401 CE inscribed inside)Iron Pillar of Delhi built (402 CE)First major invasion of Hephthalites into India - suffered defeat at the hands of Skandagupta (458 CE)Hephthalites invade India again - waited until after Skandagupta’s death in 467 CE (470 CE)Mathematician Aryabhata published his major work on Indian astronomy and mathematics (499 CE)End of the reign of Vishnugupta Chandraditya: last of the Gupta rulers in northern India (550 CE)Периоды
Great Pyramids and Sphinx of Giza built (2550-2490 BCE)Different versions of the Epic of Gilgamesh were written (2100-1200 BCE)Collection of spells written to guide spirits to the afterlife: The Pyramid Texts, The Coffin Texts, and The Book of the Dead (2400-1070 BCE)Linear B in use: Early form of Greek (1450-1100 BCE)Persian-Greek wars (499-479 BCE)Peloponnesian war(431-404 BCE)Cyrus II: Overthrows the Median Empire (553-550 BCE)Persian-Greek wars (499-479 BCE)Tarquinius Superbus’ reign: Last king of Rome (534-509 BCE)Punic Wars (264-146 BCE)Colosseum built (70-80 CE)Chinese Buddhist monk Faxian visits Gupta Empire (400-411 CE)Hindu temple at Bhitargaon is built (480-500 CE)
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