События
29th October 1929 - Wall Street Crash/Great Depression
- Stock market crashes which results in the Great Depression.
- Germans are now desperate for any recourses.30th January 1933 - Hitler appointed Chancellor
- Appointed by Hindenburg (not his full choice).
Things standing in his way:
- Hindenburg (president)
- Opposition parties (Communists)
- Government (Reichstag)
- And many moreReichstag Fire
- Reichstag set alight, blamed on Marinus van der Lubbe.
- Talks of a 'Communist Uprising'.
- 4,000 Communists arrested on the night.Post Reichstag Fire
- Hitler demanded 'special emergency powers', Hindenburg agreed to an 'emergency decree'.
- Hitler could now arrest individuals without trial, Hitler arrested 100,000 Communists/threats to the Nazis.
- SA/German police also started to arrest threats and began violent attacks.
- Once arrested, many Communists were sent to concentration camps.Nazis won 44% of the vote
- 11% increase compared to November 1932
- Many political threats were arrested so couldn't vote.
- Intimidation occured at the election stalls resulting in many more voting for Nazi's out of fear.Nazis were largest party in Reichstag
- Won 230 seats (37% of all voters)Enabling Act
- Enabled Hitler to pass any laws without the Reichstag's input.
Reasons why the Reichstag passed this act:
- Nationalists (right-wing) were eager for a strong leader.
- Catholic Centre Party, Hitler promised they could keep all of their rights of German Catholics.
- Centre party could remain in existence
- Social Democrats wanted to oppose by not showing up, Hermann Goering made it so they would be marked present, so it was useless not to show up.2nd August 1934 - Death of Hindenburg
- As a result, Hitler merges the roles of Chancellor and President and is the main ruler of Germany.Summer 1936 - Berlin Olympics
- Germany won by a landslide, 89 medals.
- Used as a propaganda tool, displayed Germany's victories.1st April 1933 - One day boycott of Jewish businesses/shops
- Jewish people lost money, jobs and their businesses.1934 - Constant anti-Semitic propaganda
- Put out by Joseph Goebbels1935 - Hitler announced Nuremburg Laws
- This law declared who the Nazis thought were Jewish and who wasn't Jewish.
- Start of LEGAL PERSECUTION
- Jewish defined as subjects, not citizens.
- Jewish were forbidden from marrying Germans to stop9th November 1938 - Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)
- Start of organised violence against Jewish people.
- German diplomat died at the hands of a Polish Jew, Germans wanted revenge.
- SS attacked 7,500 Jewish homes, businesses and synagouges.
- SS rounded up 30,000 Jewish, detained them in concentration camps.
- 91 Jewish killed and 1,000 died in prison/concentration camps.Периоды
30th June 1934 - Night of the Long Knives
- Organised by Hitler, Hermann Goring, Heinrich Himmler, Reinhard Heydrich
- A purge against Nazi's who could overpower Hitler (like Ernest Rohm, the leader of the SA)
- Ernest Rohm was killed, and over the course of 3 days, the SA collapsed (however still assisted SS and Gestapo post NLK), making the SS the most powerful militant group in Germany.March to September 1938 - Anschluss with Austria
- Austria taken over by Germany.
- Now 200,000 more Jewish in Nazi Germany.
- Needed to step up persecution.
- Jewish doctors and lawyers banned from practising.
- In September, all Jewish forced to carry identity cards.
- In October, all Jewish passports were stamped with a 'J'.From 1939 - The Ghettos
- Germany invaded Poland (1st Sep 1939).
- 30% of Poland's capitals (Warsaw) population were Jewish.
- October 1940 - all Jewish in Warsaw were rounded up and placed in a ghetto, they were appaling.
- Food shortages meant the average caloric intake was 186 calories per day, many died of starvation or illness.
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