Succession of Kings
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Обновлено: 16 мая 2018
historical visual of what occurred in the world in the past.
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Created byAthena Stowers Cole
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Offa defeats the WelshEgbert, son of Eahmund of Kent flees to
Wessex and then to exile in the Frankish
court of Charlemagne1st recorded Viking
raids on EnglandOffa annexes East Anglia and joins it to the kingdom of Mercia
-Vikings raid the Christian monastery on LindisfarneSt Albans AbbeyVikings raid the monastery
on Iona in ScotlandAround this time the Book of
Kells is written in IrelandEgbert returns from exile in Charlemagne
and becomes King of WessexWessex becomes
dominant kingdomVikings raid Kent and East Anglia,
establish a settlement at DublinEgbert subdues North Wales. He is recognized
as overlord of other English kingsKing Edmund II Ironside
of EnglandKing Harold II of EnglandRegents of England:
Hubert de Burgh &
William the MarshalRegents of England:
John of Gaunt &
Thomas of GloucesterRegent of England:
John, Duke of BedfordEdward V of EnglandEdward VIII of EnglandDuncan II of ScotlandRegent of Scotland:
Earl of LivingstonJames IV marries
Margaret TudorLouis (Luis)
of SpainFerdinand VII
(Fernando)
of SpainJohn I of FranceNapoleon II of FranceLouis XIX of FrancePope ValentineBoniface VIRomanusTheodore IILeo VChristopherLandoLeo VILeo VIIIJohn XIIBenedict VLeo VIIIJohn XIVJohn XVIIClement IIDamasus IIStephen IXVictor IIIGelasius IIBenedict XICelestine IILucius IIGregory VIIICelestine IVInnocent VAdrian VJohn XXICelestine VPius IIIAdrian VIMarcellus IIUrban VIIGregory XIVInnocent IXLeo XIAlexander VIIIInterregnumPius VIIIJoh Paul IKenneth MacAlpine, King of Scots, conquers
the Picts; founds a unified ScotlandVikings forces enter Thames estuary
and march on CanterburyVikings are defeated by
Saxons at the River ParrettAethelwulf dies at
Steyning in SussexVikings land in Iceland
-Aehelbald dies
-Winchester sacked by the DanesThe Viking 'Great Heathen Army' commanded by
Halfdan and Ivar the Boneless lands in East
Anglia and sweeps across EnglandVikings take
York (Jorvik)Aethelred defeated by the
Danes (Vikings) at ReadingAethelred and his brother Alfred
defeat the Danes at Ashdown
-Battle of Meretun, Hampshire,
Aethelred is mortally wounded and dies.London falls to
Viking raidersGuthrum's Danish army invades Wessex
-Alfred defeats Guthrum at the battle of
Ethandune (Edington) in Wiltshire.
-TREATY OF WEDMORE divides England into two.Alfred defeats the
Danes at RochesterAlfred imposes rules
on South WalesAlfred takes London from the Danes.
-Danelaw - the territory occupied by the Danes
in East Anglia is recognised by AlfredAlfred establishes a
permanent army and navyAnglo Saxon Chronicle, source of
much early British History, begunKing Alfred diesEric, ruler of the Danes in East
Anglia, dies in the Battle of HolmeReconquest of Danelaw lands begins. The last
great Viking army sent to ravage England is
defeated, by an army of Wessex and Mercia.Edward the Elder recaptures
Essex from the DanesEdward's sister Aethelflaed of Mercia
attacks and conquers most of WalesEdward takes East
Anglia from the DanesKing Constantine II
submits to EdwardEdward dies at Farndon-on-Dee near Chester
leading an army against the WelshAthelstan annexes Northumbria, and forces the kings of
Wales, Strathclyde, the Picts, and the Scots to submit to him
-Athelstan marries his sister to Sihtric the Viking King of York
to cement his ties with the NorthAthelstan invades
ScotlandBattle of Brunanburh: Athelstan defeats alliance
of Scots, Celts, Danes, and Vikings, and takes the
title of King of all BritainScandinavian forces from Northumbria
overrun the East MidlandsEdmund re-establishes control over
Northumbria and rules a united EnglandEdmund extends his
rule into southern ScotlandEdmund conquers Strathclyde
-Cumbria is annexed by the ScotsEdmund murdered at a
party in PucklechurchExpulsion of Eric Bloodaxe,
last Danish king of YorkMercians and Northumbrians
rebel against EdwyWestminster AbbeyNorthern Kings submit
to Edgar at ChesterEdward the Martyr
murdered at Corfe CastleDanes renew their
raids on EnglandBattle of Maldon: Byrhtnoth of Essex is defeated by
Danish invaders; Aethelred buys off the Danes with
10,000 pounds of silver (Danegeld)Danes under Sweyn and Norwegians under Olaf
Trygvesson sail up river Thames and besiege
London; bought off by AethelredAethelred orders a
massacre of Danish settlersThe Danes raid Kent, and
burn Canterbury CathedralKing Canute II of Denmark &
Norway again invades EnglandBattle of Abingdon: King Canute II of Denmark defeats
Edmund. They meet on the Isle of Alney and agree to
divide the kingdom into two. Canute takes the land
North of the Thames and Edmund the South.
-Edmund is assassinated a few months later and
Canute takes the throne as King Canute of England.Canute divides England into four earldoms:
Northumbria, Wessex, Mercia, and East AngliaCoventry AbbeyWelsh led by Gruffydd ap Llywelyn attack
England and burn Hereford CathedralHarold Godwinson (later Harold II) and his brother
Tostig of Northumberland attack Wales.
-Gruffydd ap Llewellyn is killed by his own troopsEalhmund of KentHeaberht of KentOswine of KentEadric of KentÆthelhere of E. AngliaBeornred
of MerciaPeada of MerciaOffa of EssexSigeberht of WessexCenfus of WessexAnastasius IIJohn IISt Agapetus ISt SilveriusBoniface IISabinianBoniface IIISt Adeodatus ISeverinusJohn IVSt Eugene IDonusSt Leo IISt Benedict IIJohn VCononJohn VIISisinnusStephen IVMarinus ILouis II of FranceSt Adrian IIIAedh of ScotlandStephen VIAnastasius IIIRobert I of FranceStephen VIIBenedict VILouis V of FranceLulach of ScotlandAnastasius IVUrban IIIHonorius IVLouis X of FranceInnocent VIIRichard III of EnglandFrancis II of FranceClement IXLouis VIII of FranceNapoleon I Bonaparte of FranceThe first Saxon revolt against native Britons;
led by two brothers, Hengst and Horsa.Attila the Hun faces the Visigoths & Romans together
in the battle of Chalons. Attila is defeated in this battle,
and forced to withdraw. He goes on to invade Italy but
is convinced to withdraw by Pope LeoSaxons crush Britons at the
battle of Aylesford in Kent
-Vandals Sack RomeWestern Roman Empire endsRoman occupation
of Gaul endsArthur's victory over Saxons at Mound Badon
in Dorset, England. This slows the Saxon
conquest of England.Battle at Deorham in EnglandPope Gregory I Obtains 30 Year TruceMuhammad begins
dictation of the Koran.Sigeberht founds monastery
at Bedericesworth.Mercians defeat the Northumbrians
in early battles.Muslims begin conquest
of Syria and Persia.Muslims capture Jerusalem.Muslims begin
conquest of EgyptByzantine forces recapture
Alexandria from the ArabsArabs recapture
Alexandria.Oswy of Northumbria defeats
and kills Penda of Mercia.Arabs begin siege of Constantinople,
which continues until 678.Arabs terminate their siege of
Constantinople without success.Pope Gregory II excommunicates
Emperor Leo III.Bede completes his history of the Church in England,
The Ecclesiastical History of the English People. It is
the first history written of the English people as a whole.Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne as
Holy Roman Emperor of the West.670's
Greek Fire invented
in ConstantinopleHarold II is killed at
the Battle of HastingsWilliam invades ScotlandWork begins on the
Tower of LondonWilliam begins the construction of
a Norman Cathedral at Winchester.William orders a survey of the shires of England;
the information is recorded in the Domesday BookDomesday survey of
England completedWilliam II defeats an invasion of England
led by Malcolm III of Scotland.Malcolm III and the Scots invade England again, but
are defeated and Malcolm is killed at the Battle of Alnwick.FIRST CRUSADE to free the Holy Land from
Muslims begins following a call by Pope Urban IIThe Crusaders take Jerusalem.
The first Crusade ends.Civil war known as 'The Anarchy' begins in
England when the Earl of Norfolk leads a
rebellion against Stephen of EnglandMatilda leaves England.David I of Scotland invades England,
but is defeated at NorthallertonMatilda leaves France
and lands in England.Matilda, Henry's only surviving legitimate
child, marries Geoffrey, Count of Anjou.Stephen usurps the throne
from Matilda, Henry’s daughter.Matilda takes Stephen prisoner at the Battle
of Lincoln, and Matilda is proclaimed queen.Stephen defeats Matilda
at the Battle of Faringdon.Henry Plantagenet lands in England
-Henry and Stephen agree terms for ending the
civil war. Under the terms of the Treaty of
Westminster, Stephen is to remain King for life,
but thereafter the throne passes to Henry.Pope Adrian IV issues the papal bull Laudabiliter, giving
Henry II dispensation to invade Ireland and bring the Irish
Church under the control of the Church of Rome.The Assize of Clarendon establishes trial by jury for the first time.
-The beginning the English settlement of Ireland when Dermot
McMurrough, King of Leinster, asks Henry II to help him oppose
other Irish kingsEnglish scholars expelled from Paris
found a university in Oxford.Henry invades Ireland, receives homage
from Ireland's kings, and is accepted as
Lord of Ireland.Henry creates a framework of justice creating
judges and dividing England into six countiesLincoln cathedral is destroyed
by an earthquake.Richard sets out with Philip of France
on the Third Crusade to the Holy LandThe Assize of Measures standardizes
weights and distance including the
lb (pound) and the yard.England loses most of its
possessions in France.Pope Innocent III issues an Interdict
against England, banning all church
services except baptisms and funeralsPope Innocent III excommunicates John
-Cambridge University foundedInnocent III declares
that John is no longer
the rightful KingPhilip Augustus of France defeats
the English at the Battle of BouvinesBeginning of the Barons' war
-John seals the MAGNA CARTA
-The Pope decrees that John need not adhere to
the Magna Carta, and civil war breaks outPrince Louis of France lands in England
and captures the Tower of London
-John flees NorthThe end of the First Barons War
-The French lose the battles of Lincoln and
Dover and are driven back to FranceBuilding of Salisbury
cathedral begunThe Treaty of York agrees the border
between England and ScotlandHenry's Great Council is called
'Parliament' for the first timeHenry begins rebuilding
Westminster AbbeyHenry signs the Provisions of
Oxford, which limit royal powerHenry repudiates
the Provisions of OxfordThe second Baron’s
War breaks outThe Dictum of Kenilworth restores Henry's
authority and annuls the Provisions of OxfordIndependence of the Welsh is
ended by the Statute of RhuddlanEdward invades Scotland, defeats the
Scots at Dunbar and deposes John BalliolScots rise against English rule and, led by William
Wallace, defeat Edward at the Battle of Stirling BridgeEdward invades Scotland again and defeats
William Wallace at the Battle of FalkirkWilliam Wallace is
executed in LondonEdward attempts to invade Scotland
again, but dies on his way northParliament sets up a committee
of Lords Ordainers to control the
King and improve administrationEdward is defeated at the Battle of
Bannockburn by Robert Bruce.
Scottish independence is assuredThe Scots assert their independence by
signing the DECLARATION OF ARBROATHParliament is divided into two houses, Lords and Commons.
-English becomes the court language replacing Norman FrenchDefeat of Scottish
army at Halidon Hill.Philip VI annexes Edward III's Duchy of Aquitaine.
Edward III responds by laying claim to the French
crown as a grandson of Philip IV though his mother
Isabella. This results in the 100 Years’ War with FranceThe Children's CrusadeEdward besieges
and captures CalaisEdward, The Black Prince, sacks
Limoges massacring 3,000 peopleJohn Wycliffe begins to translate the
New Testament from Latin into EnglishWinchester College
foundedDeath of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer
leaving The Canterbury Tales unfinished.Battle of
AgincourtJoan of Arc begins her campaign to expel
the English from France. She inspires the
French army which relieves Orleans
besieged by English troops.The English capture Joan of Arc. She is
burned at the stake as a witch and
heretic in Rouen on 30 MayEton college foundedHenry marries
Margaret of AnjouHenry VI is captured by Yorkists and his wife,
Margaret, escapes to Scotland.
-Margaret raises a Lancastrian army in the north
defeats and kills Richard of York at WakefieldQueen Margaret marches South, defeats Earl
of Warwick at St Albans, and frees Henry.
-Edward, son of Richard of York, defeats Margaret's
Lancastrian forces on 29 March at the Battle of Towton.
-Margaret and Henry flee to Scotland.
-Henry is deposed by Edward who declares himself
King Edward IVHenry VI is captured and brought
to the Tower of London.Edward IV makes peace with Margaret, returns
to England with an army, Edward flees to
Flanders. Henry VI is restored to the throneEdward returns to England
-Margaret is defeated at the Battle of Tewkesbury;
her son Edward, Prince of Wales, is killed in battle.
-Henry is stabbed to death in the Tower of London.Edward grants privileges to the Hanseatic League of North
German trading cities to conduct trade in England.William Caxton sets up a printing
press in Westminster, LondonEdward is declared illegitimate and deposed in favour
of his uncle Richard Duke of Gloucester.
-Edward and his brother Richard of York are imprisoned in the
Tower of London. After a few months they are never seen again
-The Duke of Buckingham is appointed Constable and
Great Chamberlain of England
-Duke of Buckingham. Buckingham is captured, tried, and put
to death for a rebellion.A Papal Bull is issued against witchcraft.
-Parliamentary statutes are written down
in English for the first time and printed.Richard is defeated and killed by Henry
Tudor’s army at Bosworth Field.Richard III of England's
body is rediscovered
beneath a car park 527
years after his burial in
Greyfriars Church (1485)the remains of Richard III
of England, are reinterred
at Leicester CathedralHenry invades France but at the
Treaty of Etaples agrees to withdrawChristopher Columbus crosses the Atlantic
and lands in San Salvador, Cuba and HaitiJohn Cabot sails west from Bristol on the Matthew and discovers
New-found-land. He believed it was Asia and claimed it for England.Catherine of Aragon, daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen
Isabella of Spain, marries Prince Arthur, Henry’s eldest son.Prince Arthur dies, and Prince Henry (the future Henry VIII) becomes
heir to the throne, later marrying Arthur’s widow, Catherine of AragonThe English defeat the Scots
at the Battle of Flodden Field.
James IV of Scotland is killed.Thomas Wolsey, Archbishop of York,
becomes Chancellor and Cardinal.Catherine gives birth to
Princess Mary (later Mary I).Martin Luther publishes his 95 theses against
the abuses of the Roman Catholic Church.Hampton Court Palace is completed.
-William Tyndale publishes The New
Testament in English.Henry seeks permission from the Pope to
divorce Catherine of Aragon but is refused.Cardinal Wolsey is accused of high treason for failing
in Henry's divorce pursuit, but dies before he can be
brought to trial.
-Sir Thomas More becomes Chancellor.
-Henry starts to cut ties with the Church of Rome.Sir Thomas More resigns
from ChancellorshipThomas Cranmer is appointed Archbishop of
Canterbury and annuls Henry’s marriage to
Catherine of Aragon.
-Henry marries Anne Boleyn.
-Princess Elizabeth (later Elizabeth I) is born.
-Pope Clement VII excommunicates HenryThe Act of Supremacy
is passedSir Thomas More is executed for refusing to
recognize Henry as Head of the Church of England.
-Thomas Cromwell is made Vicar-General
-First complete English translation of the Bible
by Miles CoverdaleAnne Boleyn is executed and
Henry marries Jane Seymour
-The Act of Union between
Wales and England.Jane Seymour dies giving birth
to Edward (later Edward VI).Henry marries Anne of Cleves in January but
the marriage is annulled in July
-Execution of Thomas Cromwell on a charge of treason.
-Henry marries Catherine Howard.Beginning of the Reformation
in Scotland under John Knox.Catherine Howard is
executed for treason.Henry marries Catherine Parr, his sixth and last wife.
-Treaty of Greenwich proposes marriage between
Henry's son Edward and Mary Queen of Scots. However
it is rejected by the Scots who want an alliance with France.The English army defeats the Scots at Pinkie Cleugh in an
attempt to force a marriage between Edward VI and
Mary Queen of Scots.The French send over 6,000 troops to prevent the English
from gaining control of the Scottish Borders.The First Act of Uniformity is passed
-The First Book of Common Prayer
is introducedThe Duke of Somerset is deposed
and is replaced by John Dudley,Archbishop Cranmer publishes the
Second book of Common Prayer.The Duke of Northumberland persuades Edward to nominate
Lady Jane Grey as heir to the throne of England
-Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen. After nine days, Mary arrives
in London, Lady Jane Grey is arrested, and Mary is crowned Queen.Sir Thomas Wyatt, Lady Jane Grey, and her husband are executed.
-Mary's half-sister, Princess Elizabeth, is sent to the Tower of
London on suspicion of involvement in Wyatt's rebellion
-Parliament meets to re-establish Catholicism in England
-The persecution of Protestants begins, the heresy laws are revived,
and England is reconciled to Papal authority.Protestant bishops are burned at the stake for heresy.
-Princess Elizabeth is released from the Tower of LondonPhilip II persuades Mary to declare war
on France as an ally of Spain.Calais, the last English possession in
France, is captured by the French.Mary Queen of Scots declares herself Queen of France, Scotland and England
when her husband Francis becomes King of France. He dies a year later and
Mary returns to Scotland.
-Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity restore the Protestant Church in England
and make Elizabeth Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
-The Revised Prayer Book of Elizabeth I is issuedHawkins and Drake make first
slave-trading voyage to America.
-Elizabeth gives aid to Protestant Huguenots
in the French Wars of Religion.Peace made between England
and France at Troyes.Mary Queen of Scots, flees to England from
Scotland and is imprisoned by Elizabeth.Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen
Elizabeth from the Catholic Church.Francis Drake sails around
the world on the Golden Hind.Sir Walter Raleigh founds the first
American colony and names it VirginiaWilliam Shakespeare leaves Stratford for
London to become an aspiring playwrightBabington Catholic plot to assassinate Elizabeth I
-Mary Queen of Scots, is implicated in the
Babington plot and is sent to trial.Mary, Queen of Scots, is executed at
Fotheringhay Castle on charges of treason.
-Drake attacks and defeats the Spanish
fleet in Cadiz.A Spanish Armada of 130 ships sailing against England is
defeated by Admiral Drake and John Hawkins using
fireships. English dominance of the sea leaves the way
open for English trade and colonization of America and India.
-Earl of Essex leads an expedition to Ireland.John Harrington invents the
first flushing water closetShakespeare writes Romeo and Juliet
and A Midsummer Night's Dream.15,000 Londoners
die of the PlagueSir Walter Raleigh makes his first expedition
to the South American continent.The Globe Theatre is
opened in London.East India
Company foundedPoor Law is passed introducing a
poor relief rate on property owners.
-First performance of Shakespeare’s Hamlet.The Somerset House Peace Conference results
in peace between England and Spain.Guy Fawkes and other Catholic dissidents attempt
to blow up King and Parliament in The Gunpowder
Plot. They are betrayed and arrested.Jamestown found in America
by the Virginia companyThe King James Authorized Version
of the Bible is published.Heretics are burned at the stake
for the last time in England.Scottish mathematician John Napier publishes his theory
of logarithms simplifying calculations for navigators.The Pilgrim Fathers set sail for America
in the Mayflower. They land at Cape
Cod and found New Plymouth.The Petition of Right a declaration of the “rights and
liberties of the subject" is presented to the King,
who agrees to it under protest.
-Physician William Harvey demonstrates the
circulation of blood in the bodyCharles dissolves Parliament
and rules by himself until 1640.The colony of Massachusetts
is founded in AmericaWork begins on Buckingham
Palace in Londonthe National Covenant is signed after Charles I
tries to force new prayer book on Scots.Act of Toleration in England
established religious tolerationOutbreak of
Civil War.Charles surrenders to the Scots
-King conspires with Scots to
invade England on his behalf.Charles escapes to the Isle
of Wight but is captured.Charles I is
executed.England seizes the Dutch settlement of New
Amsterdam, changing its name to New York.The Great Plague strikes
London and over 60,000 die.The Great Fire
of LondonHudson Bay Company
founded in North AmericaHabeas Corpus act passed which
forbids imprisonment without trialPennsylvania founded in
America by William PennEdict of Nantes allowing freedom of religion
to Huguenot Protestants is revoked in FranceEdmund Halley draws the first meteorological
map showing weather systemsIsaac Newton publishes Mathematical
Principles of Natural PhilosophyKing James II issues the Declaration of
Indulgence suspending all laws against
Catholics and Non-Conformists
-The 'Glorious Revolution'. William of Orange
lands at Torbay with an army of 20,000Bill of Rights is passed by Parliament
-Jacobite Highlanders rise in support of James
and are victorious at Killiekrankie but are
defeated a few months later at Dunkeld.Scottish Jacobites defeated
at Haughs of CromdaleWilliam offers the Scottish Highlanders
a pardon for the Jacobite uprising if
they sign allegiance himGlencoe Massacre. MacDonalds are killed by
Campbells for not signing the oath of allegianceBank of England founded
by William PatersonFirst Civil List
Act passedWilliam forms grand alliance between
England, Holland, and Austria to prevent the
union of the French and Spanish crowns.England declares war on France in
the War of the Spanish SuccessionEnglish, Bavarian, and Austrian troops under
Marlborough defeat the French at the Battle of
Blenheim and save Austria from invasion.
-British capture Gibraltar from SpainMarlborough defeats the French at
the Battle of Ramillies, and expels
the French from the Netherlandshe Act of Union unites the
kingdoms of England and ScotlandJames Edward Stuart, 'The Old Pretender',
arrives in Scotland in an unsuccessful
attempt to gain the throne.St Paul's Cathedral, London,
completed by Sir Christopher WrenThe Treaty of Utrecht is signed by Britain
and France, bringing to an end the War
of the Spanish Succession.The Jacobite rising begins in Scotland intending
to place the ‘Old Pretender” James Edward
Stuart, heir to James II on the throne. The
rebellion is defeated at Sheriffmuir.Daniel Defoe publishes
Robinson CrusoeFirst circulating library in Britain opens in
Edinburgh, Scotland.
-Jonathan Swift publishes Gulliver’s TravelsCharles Wesley founds the
Methodists at Lincoln College Oxford.Founding of Georgia
in America.Britain goes to war with
Spain over Captain Jenkins’ earCharles Edward Stuart, 'Bonnie Prince Charlie',
lands in Scotland and raises his flag for the
restoration of the StuartsTreaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends
the war of Austrian SuccessionBritain adopts the Georgian Calendar.
1st January replaces 25 March as the
first day of the year.Britain declares war against France.
Start of the Seven Years’ War.Wolfe captures Quebec from the French and
establishes British supremacy in Canada.Peace of Paris ends
the Seven Years’ War.Stamp Act raises taxes
in American colonies.Captain James Cook’s first
voyage to explore the Pacific.Encyclopaedia Britannica
is first published.Boston Tea Party. American colonists
protest against British taxes.American War of Independence begins when
colonists fight British troops at Lexington.
-James Watt develops the steam engine.American Congress passes
the Declaration of Independence.Americans supported by the French
fleet defeat British at Battle of Yorktown.The Treaty of Paris ends the American
War of Independence. Britain recognizes
American independence.Outbreak of the French Revolution.
Storming of the Bastille.Napoleon defeats the
Russians at AusterlitzSlave Trade Act.War of 1812 between the British and Americans.
American forces stopped from invading Canada.Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is published.
-Monopoly of the East India company is abolishedThe defeat of Napoleon
Bonaparte at WaterlooPublication of Mary
Shelley’s Frankensteinthe Cato Street
Conspiracy, fails.The new London Bridge is
opened over the River Thames.Abolition of slavery throughout
the British Empire
-Factory Act passedBirths, marriages and deaths must
be registered by law
-Dickens publishes Oliver Twist,
drawing attention to Britain’s poor
-Charles Darwin returns from a five
year voyage on HMS Beagle
researching natural historyFirst Afghan War.First colonist settlement
in New ZealandVaccination against
smallpox made compulsory.Charge of the
Light BrigadeFirst trans-Atlantic
telegraph servicePublication of Charles Darwin’s
The Origin of the Species.The world's first underground
railway is opened in London
-The Salvation Army is founded.Slavery is ended in AmericaCanada becomes the first independent
dominion in the Empire.
-Karl Marx publishes the first volume
of Das KapitalDeath of Charles DickensSuez Canal shares purchased for Britain.
-Thomas Moy demonstrates the worlds
first flying machine at Crystal Palace, LondonScots Alexander Graham Bell
demonstrates the telephoneSecond Afghan WarZulu warBritish occupy EgyptGreenwich Meridian and
Mean Time adoptedMarconi demonstrates
wireless transmissionWilbur and Orville Wright make the first
manned and controlled aircraft flight.
-The Women’s Social and Political Union
is foundedBritain and France sign the Entente Cordiale,
-Sigmund Freud publishes Psychopathology
of Everyday Life.
-Peter Pan by J. M. Barrie is publishedMotor buses are
first used in LondonProduction of Ford motor cars begins.
-The Triple Entente is signed between
Russia, France, and Britain.
-The Children’s Act establishes separate
juvenile courts to try children.
-Old Age Pensions established in BritainThe S.S. Titanic sinksRussian RevolutionReform Act gives votes
to women over 30.Third Afghan War.
-Spanish Flu rages around the
world killing over 50 million people.British Broadcasting
Corporation foundedAll women over theage of 21 get the vote
-Alexander Fleming discovers penicillinBattle of DunkirkBattle of BritainThe BlitzJapanese attack on Pearl Harbor
-America enters the WarD-DayEnd of WWII in EuropeAmerican bombing of HiroshimaAmerican bombing of NagasakiJapan SurrendersMahatma Gandhi
is assassinated.nationalization
of the Suez Canal.The Beatles release
their first LP.Concorde begins first supersonic
trans-Atlantic flightsGulf WarHong Kong reverts to China after
155 years of British rule.
-Diana Princess of Wales diesWorld Trade Center
attack in New YorkWorld wide banking crisisDavid I becomes king and introduces the feudal
system of landholding to much of ScotlandWilliam the Lion invades England but
is captured by Henry II at Alnwick and
forced to surrender Scottish independenceWilliam I signs the Treaty of Falaise in which
he swears allegiance to Henry II of England.Периоды
Offa of MerciaEgbert of WessexAethelwulf of WessexAthelbald
of EnglandAethelbert
of EnglandAethelred I
of EnglandAlfred The Great of EnglandEdward the Elder of EnglandAthelstan of EnglandEdmund
of EnglandEdred of EnglandEdwy (Eadwig)
of EnglandEdgar of EnglandEdward the Martyr
of EnglandAethelred II the Unready of EnglandCnut (Canute) the Great of EnglandHarold I Harefoot
of EnglandHarthacnut
of EnglandEdward the Confessor of EnglandWilliam I the Conqueror of England and NormandyWilliam II Rufus of EnglandHenry I of EnglandStephen of EnglandHenry II of EnglandRichard I the Lionheart
of EnglandJohn of EnglandHenry III of EnglandEdward I Longshanks of EnglandEdward II of EnglandEdward III of EnglandRichard II of EnglandHenry IV of EnglandHenry V of EnglandHenry VI of EnglandEdward IV of EnglandHenry VII of EnglandHenry VIII of EnglandEdward VI of EnglandMary I (Bloody Mary)
of EnglandElizabeth I the Virgin Queen of EnglandJames I (James IV of Scotland) of EnglandCharles I of EnglandCharles II of England11 yrs. rule of Parliament under
Oliver CromwellJames II
of EnglandWilliam III & Mary II of EnglandAnne of EnglandGeorge I of EnglandGeorge II of EnglandGeorge III of EnglandGeorge IV of EnglandWilliam IV of EnglandVictoria of EnglandEdward VII of EnglandGeorge V of EnglandGeorge VI of EnglandElizabeth II of EnglandAlpin MacEchdach of ScotlandKenneth MacAlpin of ScotlandConstantine I of ScotlandEochaid of ScotlandDonald I of ScotlandConstantine II of ScotlandMalcolm I of ScotlandIndulf of ScotlandMalcolm II of ScotlandDuncan I of ScotlandMacbeth of ScotlandMalcolm III (Canmore) of ScotlandDonald II (Blane)
of ScotlandEdgar of ScotlandAlexander I of ScotlandDavid I of ScotlandMalcolm IV of ScotlandWilliam I the Lion of ScotlandAlexander II of ScotlandAlexander III of ScotlandMargaret Maid
of Norway and
ScotlandJohn Balliol
of ScotlandEdward I Longshanks
of EnglandRobert the Bruce of ScotlandDavid II of ScotlandRobert II Stewart of ScotlandRobert III (John) of ScotlandJames I of ScotlandJames II of ScotlandJames III of ScotlandJames IV of ScotlandJames V of ScotlandMary Queen of ScotsJames IV (James I of England) of ScotlandFruela IAurelioSiloMauregatoBermudo IAlfonso IIRamiro IOrdoño IAlfonso IIIFruela IIGarcia IOrdoño IIOrdoño IIFruela IIAlfonso IVRamiro IIOrdoño IIISancho IOrdoño IIISancho IRamiro IIIBermudo IIAlfonso VBermudo IIIFerdinand I (Fernando)Alfonso VISancho IIGarcia IIUrracaAlfonso VIIFerdinand II (Fernando)Alfonso IXSancho IIIAlfonso VIIIHenry I (Enrique)Ferdinand IIIAlfonso XSancho IVFerdinand IV (Fernando)Alfonso XIPeter I (Pedro)Henry II (Enrique)Peter IHenry IIJohn I (Juan)Henry IIIJohn II (Juan,)Henry IV (Enrique)Ferdinand V (Fernando) & Isabella I (Isabel) of SpainJoan (Juana)
& Philip I
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of SpainFerdinand VII of SpainIsabella II (Isabel) of SpainInterregnumAmadeus I (Amadeo)
of SpainRepublicAlfonso XII of SpainAlfonso VIII of SpainRepublicNationalist Regime led by Francisco FrancoJuan Carlos of SpainFelipe VI of SpainCharles I the Bald of FranceLouis III of
FranceCharles II
the Fat of
FranceOdo of FranceCharles III the Simple of FranceRudolph of FranceLouis IV of FranceLothair of FranceHugh Capet of FranceRobert II of FranceHenry I of FrancePhilip I of FranceLouis VI of FranceLouis VII of FrancePhilip II Augustus of FranceLouis VIII
of FranceLouis IX (Saint Louis) of FrancePhilip III of FrancePhilip IV the Fair of FrancePhilip V
of FranceCharles IV
of FrancePhilip VI of FranceJohn II of FranceCharles V of FranceCharles VI of FranceCharles VII of FranceLouis XI the Prudent, the Spider King of FranceCharles VIII of FranceLouis VII of FranceFrancis I of FranceHenry II of FranceCharles IX of FranceHenry III of FranceHenry IV of FranceLouis XIII of FranceLouis XIV the Sun King of FranceLouis XV of FranceLouis XVI of FranceLouis XVII
of FranceNapoleon I Bonaparte of FranceFirst RepublicLouis XVIII of FranceCharles X of FranceLouis-Philippe, the Citizen King of FranceSecond French RepublicNapoleon III of FranceSt Paul IStephen
IIIAdrian ISt Leo IIISt Paschal IEugene IIGregory IVSergius
IISt Leo IVBenedict IIISt Nicholas IAdrian IIJohn VIIIStephen VFormosusJohn
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IIIHonorius IIInnocent IIEugene IIIAdrian IVAlexander IIILucius IIIClement
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ISt Felix IVVigiliusPelagius IJohn IIIBenedict IPelagius IISt Gregory ISt Boniface IVBoniface VHonorius ITheodore ISt Martin ISt VitalianAdeodatus IISt AgathoSt Sergius IJohn VIConstantineSt Gregory IISt Gregory IIISt ZacharyStephen IIPersian-Roman WarsBlack Plague Sweeps
through EuropeThe Second CrusadeThe First CrusadeThe Third CrusadeThe Fourth
CrusadeThe Fifth CrusadeThe Sixth
CrusadeThe Seventh CrusadeThe Eighth
CrusadeThe Ninth
CrusadeThe Hundred Years WarWar of the Roses17,000 die of the
Plague in LondonThe War of Austrian SuccessionPeninsular WarFirst Opium WarIrish Potato
FamineAmerican
Civil WarBoer WarWorld War IThe Great DepressionSpanish
Civil WarWorld War IICold WarKorean WarVietnam WarFourth Afghan War
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