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Born in Roccasecca, Aquino,
Kingdom of Sicily (present-day
Lazio region, Italy)
Born as Tommaso d'AquinoDied on March 7 in
Fossanova, Papal StatesCanonized on July 18 in Avignon
in Papal States by Pope John XXII
In the Roman Catholic Church,
canonized is when a dead person
is officially declared to be a saint.Started early education
at Monte CassinoHis parents had enrolled him
at the studium generale (university)Joined Dominican Order
(Order of Preachers)Thomas's parents didn't support his
decision to join The Dominicans so they
arranged to move him to Rome and then
to Paris. But on his way to Rome, his
brothers, following his mother's instructions,
took him back to his parents' castle of Monte
San Giovanni Campano.Thomas was held prisoner for in his
family castle for one year as an attempt
to prevent him from joining the Dominicans.Thomas's mother realized that she
couldn't change Thomas's mind about
the Dominican and sought to save the
family's dignity. She arranged for him
to escape at night through his window.
She thought that a secret escape from
detention was better than an open
surrender.Thomas met Dominican scholar
Albertus Magnus then followed
him to teaching job at the new
studium generale at CologneIn 1245 Thomas was sent to
study at the Faculty of the Arts
at the University of ParisThomas taught as an apprentice
professor (baccalaureus biblicus),
instructing students on the books
of the Old Testament and writing
Expositio super Isaiam ad litteram
(Literal Commentary on Isaiah),
Postilla super Ieremiam (Commentary
on Jeremiah) and Postilla super
Threnos (Commentary on
Lamentations)He returned to Paris and
studied for a master's
degree in theology.He lectured on the Bible as
an apprentice professor upon
becoming a bachelor of the
Sentences (baccalaureus
Sententiarum).He devoted the last three years
of study to commenting on Peter
Lombard's Sentences. Thomas
composed a huge commentary
on the Sentences titled Scriptum
super libros Sententiarium in the
first of his four theological syntheses.He wrote De ente et essentia
(On Being and Essence) for his
fellow Dominicans in Paris.Thomas was appointed regent
master in theology at Paris and
one of his first works upon
assuming office was Contra
impugnantes Dei cultum et
religionem (Against Those Who
Assail the Worship of God and
Religion) which was defending the
mendicant orders of William of
Saint-Amour.Thomas wrote Questiones
disputatae de veritate
(Disputed Questions on Truth),
which is twenty-nine disputed
questions on aspects of faith
and the human condition.He then wrote Quaestiones
quodlibetales (Quodlibetal
Questions), which is his answers
to questions that were asked to
him by the academic audience.Thomas was working on one
of his most famous works,
Summa contra Gentiles.He wrote both Expositio super
librum Boethii De trinitate
(Commentary on Boethius's De
trinitate) and Expositio super
librum Boethii De hebdomadibus
(Commentary on Boethius's De
hebdomadibus), commentaries
on the works of 6th-century
Roman philosopher Boethius.While he was riding on a donkey,
on his way to the Council, he struck
his head on the branch of a fallen
tree and became seriously ill."I have written and taught much about
this very holy Body, and about the other
sacraments in the faith of Christ, and
about the Holy Roman Church, to whose
correction I expose and submit everything
I have written." Thomas Aquinas's last prayer.Thomas took leave from the
University of Paris when the
Dominicans from his home
asked him to establish a
studium generale wherever
he liked and staff it however
he chose.He established the institution in Naples,
and moved there to take his post as regent
master.While at Naples, he worked
on the third part of the Summa
while also giving lectures on
various religious topics.He preached to the people of Naples
every day in Lent. The sermons on the
commandments, the creed, the Our
Father and Hail Mary were very popular.Thomas was assigned
to be regent master at
the University of Paris
for the second time.He finished the second part of the
Summa and wrote De virtutibus and
De aeternitate mundi, contra
murmurantes (On the Eternity of the
World, against Grumblers)Thomas began his most
famous work, the Summa
theologiae.He was appointed
as a general preacher
in NaplesHe finished writing the Summa
contra Gentiles, wrote the Catena
aurea (The Golden Chain) in Orvieto
where he was called to be a
conventual lector.
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