History of Instructional Technology
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Events on the top, theories and studies on the bottom.
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Courses to train teachers to use film were run
by universities and teacher training colleges,
and five separate national professional
organisations for visual instruction had been
established by 1930 (Saettler 1990).
Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key
Issues and Debates (p. 51). Bloomsbury
Publishing. Kindle Edition.It became apparent that Educational Films were not having expected impact - teachers were not using them.Courses to train teachers to use film were run
by universities and teacher training colleges,
and five separate national professional
organisations for visual instruction had been
established by 1930 (Saettler 1990).
Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key
Issues and Debates (p. 51). Bloomsbury
Publishing. Kindle Edition.The first established US ‘educational radio
station’ was at the University of Wisconsin
Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key
Issues and Debates (p. 53). Bloomsbury
Publishing. Kindle Edition.‘World Radio University’‘American School of the Air’the US Federal Communications Commission
concluded that ‘radio has not been accepted as
a full-fledged member of the educational family
... and remains a stepchild of education’ (Woelfel
and Tyler 1945, p. 85).
Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key
Issues and Debates (p. 55). Bloomsbury
Publishing. Kindle Edition.Closed circuit television educational television introducedthe US Federal Communications Commission’s decision in 1952 to set aside 242 television channels for educational purposes.
Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key Issues and Debates (p. 56). Bloomsbury Publishing. Kindle Edition.Four of every five school students in American
Samoa were spending between one-quarter and
one-third of their class time watching televised
lessons, which were then supplemented by
follow-up exercises and question periods led by
teachers.
Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key
Issues and Debates (p. 57). Bloomsbury
Publishing. Kindle Edition.Educational Television seen to have a low impact on most schoolsTI Speak and Spell Introduced - begining of small consumet electornics in educationMainframe computers used
in major Universities to teach
coding and for students records
and administration.Psychologist and philosopher
Patrick Suppes heralded the emergence of the
‘computer tutor’ as an apparent saviour of
school and university education, capable of
providing education to any child or adult on a
flexible and individualised basis.
Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key
Issues and Debates (p. 59). Bloomsbury
Publishing. Kindle Edition.Computers were being used for instructional
purposes in more than 40 per cent of all US
elementary schools and more than 75 per cent
of all US secondary schools.
Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key
Issues and Debates (pp. 59-60). Bloomsbury
Publishing. Kindle Edition.18% of US schools with computers98% of us schools with computersChristopher Evans proclaimed, there was little
doubt that ‘portable, personal teaching
computers ... will sweep through the education
system of the Western world’ (1979, pp. 118–20).
Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key
Issues and Debates (p. 60). Bloomsbury
Publishing. Kindle Edition.Early computer assisted learning program for
math instruction of innumerate teens in
OntarioEarly studies of computer assisted instruction concluded that instruction was effective and engagingSmart Board IntroducedPPT IntroducedOne-one computing gains momentumFirst emarking of testsFirst completely online CourseProject OUtreach
study the potential of telecorsesAssociation for Educational Communication and Technology publication defining Educational Technology.Instructional Design becoming prefered termEdgar Dale's Cone of ExpereinceHawkridge Proposed reform of educational technologyThe Mathematical Theory of Communication by Shannon and Weaver.Skinner - Teaching Machines
Programed InstructionGlasser- Teaching Machines and Programed learning
Programmed InstructionLumisdaine
Programmed InstructionMager's 1962 Preparing Objectives for Programmed Instruction
Teaching Machines movementGagne - The Conditions of Learning
Behavioural PsychologyPapert
Applied Cognitive ScienceCognition and Technology
Group
Applied Cognitive ScienceNational Development Programme in Computer Assisted Learning
Widespread introduction of Microcomputers into schools in BGSystems Theory applied to Instructional Technolgy
HobanSystems Theory conference at Syracuse University
Established Systems Theory as a halmark of the fieldIntroduction of the ChalkboardEdison predicted at the beginning of the 1920s: I
believe that the motion picture is destined to
revolutionize our educational system and that in
a few years it will supplant largely, if not
entirely, the use of textbooks. ... The education
of the future, as I see it, will be conducted
through the medium of the motion picture.
(cited in Cuban 1986, p. 9)
Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key Issues and Debates (pp. 50-51).
Bloomsbury Publishing. Kindle Edition.Catalogue of Educational Motion Pictures listed
over one thousand different film titles arranged
around thirty different topics and subject
Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key
Issues and Debates (p. 51). Bloomsbury Publishing. Kindle Edition.VygotskyJonassen
Instructional DesignJohn Dewy
1920-1940s
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