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William Tuke in 1792
founded York Retreat.
The goal was to remove
cruelties found in asylums
and find more humane methods.
(Moral Treatment)Benjamin Rush (1800)
Brought concept on Moral
Treatment to America.
Known as the father of psychiatry.
Thought that a balance of work,
rest, and play were a treatment
for mental illness(1813-1817) Friends Asylum
for the insane in the nations
first privately run psychiatric hospital.
Established by the QuakersIndustrial revolution.
It was thought to be bad.
That making things with
own two hands was better.William Morris (1834-1896)
In the late 1800s he started
the arts and crafts movement.
It was one of the first things
OT's did.Elbert Hubbard (1856-1915)
Founder of Roycroft artisan
community. Influenced the
arts and crafts movement. The
movement aimed to re-establishe
harmony between creator and created.Herbert Hall A physician who incorporated
philosophy and practices into the Arts and
Crafts Movement.
(1899)George Barton in 1914 opened
consolation house , where
occupation was used as a
method of treatment. He
was a architect of the arts
and craft movementWilliam Dunton , is known as
the father of Occupational therapy.
He published the Occupational
therapy manual for nurses in 1915
Applied this to Sheppard AsylumOn march 15,1917 the OT
Association:NSPOT was
formed in Clifton springs,NY.
The National Society for the
Promotion of Occupational Therapy.in 1930 the AOTA and the American
Medical Association Council
affiliated to accredit Occupational
therapy programs.in 1935 Four schools got accredited.in 1952 AOTA became official
members of the World Federation
of Occupational therapists.in 1958 the first essential
and guidelines for and approved
educational program for OTA adoptedin 1963 Occupational Therapy
Assistant membership
category was created.The first national certification
examination was administered
to OTAs in 1977.Phillippe Pinel at Hospice (1793)
de Bicêtre began implementing
his ideas on humane treatment.Hull House is a social settlement
begun by Jane Addams in Chicago
during the late 1800s/ early 1900sEleanor Slagle affiliated with
the Hull house. She utilized
habit training. Called the
whole environment: meaning
a balance of occupational cycles
, a habit formation as a learning
process,and sequence of occupational
cycles.Adolph Meyer presented the
philosophy of occupational therapy.
Holistic view of man: each
individual should be seen as
a complete and unified whole.Smith-Bankead Bill of 1920.
established vocational rehabilitation
to reclaim individuals unemployment
due to injury or diseaseFederal industrial act of 1923
required hospitals to employ
occupational therapists to
treat industrial accidents or illnessVocational rehabilitation
amendments of 1943.
Federal payment of medical
services to persons while
employed. Expanded services
to mentally ill, and included
physical restoration. Paved the
way to MedicaidMedicare, enacted in 1965
National social insurance program,
administered by the U.S Government.
provides health insurance to people
age 65 an older.Medicaid, enacted in 1965
Helps low income individuals
and families pay for the cost of
medical care. joint federal and state
fundedRehabilitation Act of 1973
Replaced the Vocational rehabilitation
act of 1943. Fist civil legislation
to prohibit discrimination
against people with disabilities.Education for all handicapped
children act of 1975. Children
have the right to a free and
appropriate education,
regardless of handicap.Phillippe Pinel introduced work
treatment for the mentally ill.
It was used as a diversion from stresses.100 years of OT
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