События
Evangelista & Torricelli discovered
that the atmosphere has weightOtto von Guericke performed
an experiment in which 2 copper
hemispheres were put together
and all of the air was pumped out.
The sphere containing vacuum could
not be pulled apart, even by two horses.
These hemispheres are referred to as the
Magdeburg hemispheres.Denis Papin used steam
to create vacuum creating
a piston and accidentally
inventing the pressure cooker.
He also put safety measures into
both preasure cooker and
piston. When internal pressure
got to high, the lid would
flap open to let pressure out.
Papin never actually built his
piston, only designed it, but his
design contributed to the design
of later steam engines.Thomas Savery creates
a pump that condenses
steam in a cylinder, creating a
mine pump.
HOW IT WORKS:
A vessel was filled with steam
through a pipe, then water is
showered on the vessel to cool it,
making the steam condense
and creating vacuum.
The water is sucked out through
another pipe and put into a boiler.
The process then starts again.
Nicknamed "The Miner's Friend", it's
purpose was to make mining processes
more efficient.Thomas Newcomen invented the first
modern steam engine that ran on
the atmospheric principle.
It worked with a pistol in a cylinder
connected to an arm that was connected to a pump.
This pushed the piston up.
Similar to Savery’s model, water was sprayed
in the cylinder, making steam condense,
creating a vacuum.
This pushed the piston down,
lifting the pump rod on the other side
of the arm up, thus lifting the water.
Newcomen's model was meant to satisfy the need
to pump floodwater out of mines.James Watt is presented with
Newcomen's engineJames Watt patents Newcomen's
design for the steam engine.James Watt & Matthew Boulton
begin to mass produce
enginesWatt made Newcomen’s design
more efficient by adding features
to allow for rotary motion.
Watt introduced the concept of
rotary motion in engines through this.
The rotary motion in gear was nicknamed
the "Sun & Planet" gear.
Watt is also the first to use a seperate condencer
to push a piston
down a cylinder.The unit "Horsepower" is
invented
Horsepower = 500 foot pounds per
secondWatt invented steam heating
for his own officeVideo attached
High pressure steam engines
are used in locomotives in BritainSteamships are now on
waterRichard Trevithick’s attention
was directed to high-pressure
steam engines after witnessing a demonstration
Richard Trevithick was a Cornish scientist.Trevithick builds high pressure steam engine.
These high pressure engines are more
efficient and lighter.
These engines were named the
"Cornish Engine" after Trevithick's ethnicity.
Trevithick also modufied the design so that
the gilders will be horizontal instead of
veritcal.Video attached
Penydarren Tramroad in
South Wales is the world’s 1st steam railwayWatt modifies Newcomen’s design
to have a cylinder sealed at both ends.
This replaces the work of the atmosphere
with the power of steam. He also added
steam both below and above the piston,
making a double acting engine, which
does double the work.
This engine was in high demand from the
textile industry.Периоды
HOW DOES A STEAM ENGINE WORK?
The steam engine is based on the process
of delivering heat energy that results in a
phase change that results in mechanical
work. Heated water creates steam, which
pushes pistons, creating mechanical work.
The steam loses pressure, and is either
released into the atmosphere or
condensed and pumped back into boilers
and the process starts over again.
Comments