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Created byNikolaj Holmoee-Jensen
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In 1066 William of Normandy conquered England.In 1169, the Normans invaded Ireland.In 1171, Henry II went to Ireland to make sure that their conquests were made part of his Angevin Empire.In 1277, Edward I invaded and conquered North Wales.By 1500 the kings of England had lost control of all of Ireland except for coastal towns and an area around Dublin known as the 'Pale'.In 1655 the English invaded Jamaica, which had previously been a colony of Spain. Jamaica formally became a British colony in 1670.Florida, previously a colony of Spain, formally became a British colony in 1763.In 1713, the British took over the French colony of Acadia (New France in northeastern North America).Victories by Robert Clive, including the Battle of Plassey in 1757, drove out the French and established British control in India.During the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) the British won Canada from the French with a notable victory coming from General James Wolfe's capture of Quebec in 1759.By 1783, Britain had established an empire which comprised of:
colonies in North America, including the West Indies, and the Pacific including New Zealand, which became a British Colony following an expedition by James Cook in 1769
trading posts in India
naval bases in the Mediterranean - Gibraltar and Minorca
But:
Britain's defeat in the American War of Independence meant the loss of the American colonies.Периоды
During the Hundred Years' War (1337‒1453), Edward III and Henry V captured large areas of France, but by 1453 the only land still in English hands was Calais (now in France), which was later lost in 1558.Between 1497 and 1763, English seamen and their semen reached places Europeans had not previously been.
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