history of cosmology
Category: Иное
Обновлено: 12 фев 2020
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Created byMatilda Kearnes
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aristotle describes the geocentric model of the universearistarchus proposes a heliocentric model of the universe. this model is largely ignored.Ptolemy refines the geocentric universe model, in an attempt to explain the retrograde planetary motionFerdinand Magellan
observes the Magellanic
Clouds, later categorised
as galaxies outside the
Milky Way.Giordano Bruno is
burnt at the stake for
promoting the heliocentric
universe modelNicholas Copernicus publishes a paper,
that agrees with the heliocentric model
of the universe, and has a number of
improvements of Aristotle's model.Kepler publishes Astronomia Nova, explaining
the motion of the planets by using a
heliocentric model of the universe, and
elliptical orbits.Galileo Galilei observes the
moons of JupiterGalileo published his Dialogue
on Two World Systems, which
argues in favour of the heliocentric
model of the universe.Issac Newton publishes
Principia Mathematica, in
which, among other things,
he explains the law of
gravitational motion.Thomas Wright suggests that
the milky Way galaxy is a
flattened disk of starsWilliam Herschel discovers
UranusWilliam Herschel
constructs the first map
of the Milky Way GalaxyFriederich Bassel
discovers stellar parallax
- the apparent movement
of stars due to Earth's
movement around the sun.John Couch Adams
discovers NeptuneErnst Opik demonstrates
that the Andromeda
nebula lies outside of the
Milky Way galaxyGeorges Lamaitre proposes
the Big Bang theory, which
suggests that the universe
began as a giant explosion
of energy.Edwin Hubble discovers
evidence of an expanding
universe, which supports
the Big bang model.Clyde Tombaugh discovers PlutoArno Penzias and Robert
Wilson discover cosmic
microwave background
radiation, further evidence
supporting the Big bang modelNeil Armstrong and
Buzz Aldrin are the first
human beings to walk on
the surface of the moonPioneer 10 becomes
the first spacecraft to
leave the solar systemThe spacecraft Galileo
returns data suggesting
that Europa has liquid
oceans under its icy surfacePlanet-sized objects Eris,
Haumea and Makemake
are discovered in the
Kuiper belt.The International Astronomical
Union rules that Pluto is
not a planetAstronomers made
the first-ever observation
of a cosmic event using
both light and gravitational
waves. This is called
multi-messenger astronomy.Astronomers detected
the bubbles in radio waves
for the first time, revealing
large quantities of energetic
gas moving through the
bubbles, possibly fueling them
to grow even largerTthe Japanese spacecraft
Hayabusa set a record as
it returned the first-ever
samples from the surface
of an asteroid. The probe
made a return to Earth on
June 13 and researchers
confirmed that Hayabusa
had brought back some 1,500
dust grains from the asteroid.The Laser Interferomater
Gravitational Wave
Observatory (LIGO)
collaboration made physics
history when it announced
the first direct detection of
gravitational waves- ripples
that stretch and compress
space itself. The gravitational
waves actually pass through
the cosmic fabric known as
space-time.NASA announced the
discovery of 715 newly
verified exoplanets around
305 stars by the Kepler
Space Telescope. The
exoplanets were found
using a statistical technique
called ‘verification by multiplicity’.
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