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Euclid: 323–283 BC
Father of GeometrySeleucus of Seleuci
190-159BC
Heliocentric theory
First to assume the universe to be infinitePtolemy
90-168
Geocentric (Earth-centred) modelIbn Al Haytham
965-1040
Made contributions to the principle of optics and visual perceptionRobert Grosseteste 1175-1253
Translations of Aristotle's writings and works of Greek theologyCopernicus 19 Feb 1473-24 May 1543
Formulated a model of the universe that placed the sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universeInvention of telescopes
17th centuryGalileo
1562-1642
The Law of Falling BodiesKepler
27 Dec 1571-Nov 15 1630
Law of planetary motionRobert Hooke
28 July 1645 - 3 March 1703
Hooke's lawIsaac Newton
1643-1727
Newton's Law
Law of universal gravitation
CalculusAntoine Lavoisier
17 May 1749 - 8 May 1794
Wrote the first extensive list of elementsEdward Jenner
17 May 1749 - 26 Jan 1823
Pioneer of smallpox vaccineWilliam Herschel
15 Nov 1738 - 25 Aug 1822
Discovery of infrared radiation in sunlightJohn Dalton
6 Sep 1766 - 27 July 1844
Pioneered studies of atomic theory
Studies in color blindnessGeorg Ohm
16 Mar 1789 - 6 July 1854
Ohm's LawAmedeo Avogadro's
9 Aug 1776 - 9 July 1856
Molecular theory - Avogadro's LawMichael Faraday
22 Sep 1791 - 25 Aug 1867
Electromagnetism (principles underlying electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism and electrolysis)Lord Kelvin
26 June 1824 - 17 Dec 1907
Mathematical analysis of electricity and formulation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics
Refined absolute zeroCharles Darwin
12 Feb 1809 - 19 Apr 1882
<Origin of species>
<Theory of evolution>Louis Pastuer
27 Dec 1822 - 28 Sep 1895
Principles of vaccination microbial fermentation and pasteurizationJames Clerk Maxwell
13 June 1831 - 5 Nov 1879
Formulate the classical theory of electromagnetic radiationGregor Mendel
20 July 1822 - 6 Jun 1884
Rediscovery of Mendel's workDmitri Meudeleev
8 feb 1834 - 2 feb 1907
Periodic law: Periodic table of elements
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