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Born in Scotland to penniless parents, Andrew Carnegie
came to this countryAndrew carnage left his job at the Pennsylvania Railroad.Carnegie Steel Company manufactured more
steel than all the factories in Great BritainAndrew carnage sold his business.J. P. Morgan, United States Steel it
became the world’s largest business.Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company of Ohio processed two
or three percent of the country’s crude oil.Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company of Ohio
controlled 90 percent of the refining business.Sherman Antitrust Act made it illegal to form a trust that interfered
with free trade between states or with other countries.An average of 675 laborers were killed
in work-related accidents each week.Women earned an average of $267 a year,
nearly half of men’s average pay of $498.William H. Sylvis formed The first large-scale
national organization of laborers, the National Labor Union (NLU).NLU persuaded Congress to legalize an
eight-hour day for government workers.Uriah Stephens focused his attention on individual workers
and organized the Noble Order of the Knights of Labor.Knights of Labor had gained about 700,000
members.Jewish immigrant Samuel Gompers led the
Cigar Makers’ International Union to join other craft unions.The new union (The American Railway Union (ARU)) won a strike for higher wages.
Within two months, its membership climbed to 150,000, dwarfing the 90,000
enrolled in the four skilled railroad brotherhoods.A group of radical unionists and socialists in
Chicago organized the Industrial Workers of
the World (IWW), or the Wobblies.1,000 Japanese and Mexican workers organized a
successful strike in the sugar-beet fields of
Ventura County, California.Workers for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O)
struck to protest their second wage cut in two months.Периоды
The number of women working for wages doubled,
from 4 million to more than 8 million. Twenty percent
of the boys and 10 percent of the girls under age 15
some as young as five years old held full-time jobs.The average weekly wages in unionized industries rose from $17.50 to
$24, and the average workweek fell from almost
54.5 hours to just under 49 hours.
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