События
Congress of ViennaLombardy and Venetia given to AustriaCentral Italy and Rome ruled by the papacySardinia and Piedmont re under Italian monarchNaples and Sicily are under Bourbon monarchAustrian monarch Victor Emmanuel retained the liberal constitution in March 1848Pope Pius IX was driven out RomeSyllabus of Errors, Pius IX denounces rationalism, socialism, etc.Cavour succeededAustria attacks Sardinia; Napoleon III comes to their defenseNapoleon III makes compromise with Austrians at VillafrancaCavour's return to power and gained Napoleon III's support by ceding Nice and Savoy to FranceGuiseppe leads a voluneer group agaunst AustriaGaribalis guerril reach Sicily; won battles and gained volunteersItaly includes VeniceItaly includes RomeGerman states were locked in a political stalemateAustria and Russia blocked Frederick William's attempt to unify German ConfederationAll the German states except Austria joined the customs unionWilliam I replaces William IV as regentPrussia gets a parliament controlled by middle classParliament rejected the military budgetBismarck takes office as chief ministerDanish king tried to bring provinces into unified state against the German ConfederationDanish king tried to bring provinces into unified state against the German ConfederationPrussia and Russia fought against DenmarkAustrio-Prussian WarThe German middle class began to support BismarckLouis Napoleon was captured and humiiated a SedanFrench patriots declared another republic and vowed to contine fightingStarving Paris surrendered to the PrussiansPrussian king gains ultimate power in German states in empire; lower house of legislature was elected by universal make suffrageBeginnning of bad relationship between France and Germany after seizure of Alsace and LorraineGermany imposes harsh peace on FrancePatriotic feelings in GermanyПериоды
The goal of a unified Italian ntionPapal reign of Pius IXCount Camillo Benso di Cavour-dominant in Sardianian GovernmentCavours unity goals are only for northern and central italyCavour worked to make Sardinia a liberal constitutional stateCavour introduced programs of highways and railroads and opposition to clerical privilegeGuiseppe GaribaldiStalement in individual German statesZollverein-Austria is not includedReign of WIlliam I of PrussiaOtto von BismarkVoters in Prussia expressed opposition by appointing liberal majorities in parliamentparliament passed a special indemnity bill at the discretion of BismarckFranco Prussian War
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