Midterm 2 - Лента времени

Jungle is released; talks about how gross the meat industry is; leads to industry legislation and rules

Refrigerated rail cars -influences American taste and products they buy, as shipping meat is so easy now

New event

industrial mining comes to CA because all of the easy gold has been mined -Chinese miners work for companies because Foreign Miner's Tax makes it hard for them to work alone

Chinese merchant class starts to develop -sell to Chinese Community -bring wives over from China and other things to show they can assimilate

Recession because there are more men than jobs -Dennis Kearney's starts the Workingmen's Party in attempt to get rid of Chinese and Capitalism

Page Act first federal legislarion to end open border immigration -only ban that is strictly followed is ban on Chinese women immigration

CA Constitution, Article XIX -bans hiring of Chinese labor -drove many Chinese to leave CA

Chinese Exclusion Act -prevented chinese laboreres from immigrating to US for 10 years

Rock Springs Massacre - Wyoming; many Chinese die and homes destroyed -example of anti-Chinese Sentiment outside of CA

Siege of Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico -anti chinese violence

Americans begin to think of NA situation as a violation of human rights -Friends of the Indians -annihilation of culture through assimilation - "kill the indian, save the man"

Indian Rights Association -lobbied for NA rights -assimilate NA and make them citizens -monitored reservations

A Century of Dishonor by Helen Jackson

Ramona by Helen Jackson -book about racism suffered by mixed race NA -attempted to bring issue to American public

Dawes Severalty Act -imposed on NA, assigns 160 acres per NA male head -emphasized agrarian and american ideals -hoped to cause assimilation grants citizenship

Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock -Supreme Court case says congress could void treaties, so they are allowed to sell reservation land -significant departure from Worchester v. Georgia because it claimed that tribes are not sovereign

Sherman Industrial School, CA -NA kids are taught to be farmers and shown aspects of American lifestyle so they can assimilate -kill their culture and Americanize them

Sir Francis Galton coins eugenics -people are inherently inferior/defective -being poor is your fault

eugenics is considered a science -selective breeding

Human Betterment Society, CA -educational group to inform public on eugenics -for the protection of US

Lewis Terman creates the IQ test -intelligence is racial

Albert John Ochsner performs compulsory sterilizations on mental patients to stop the cycle of crime -families did not have to be told about the sterilization, completely up to the doctor until 1950

Supreme Court expands sterilization to jails

Buck v. Bell -an unwed mother becomes sterilized -supreme court justice, Oliver Holmes, says it is better for the world to sterilize her before her kids follow her footsteps

Johnson-Reed Immigration Act - limits number of people allowed to immigrate with quotas -heavily limits southern/eastern Europeans (hated because of eugenics)

Buffalo Bill starts to produce grand wild west shows -brings the west to the east -white victimhood and NA aggression were the themes

New event

Becomes evident that natural resources are not infinite

Audubon Society -conserve birds

Lacey Act -illegal to use birds/feathers on hats

Forest Reserves Act -protects forest areas from businesses/ squatters

Newlands Reclamation Act -funded irrigation projects (dams) in the west

first national park (yellowstone)

Raker Act -clash between preservationist and conservationist ethics -leads to the flooding of Hetch Hetchy, which later leads to the creation of the National Park Service (1916) to prevent things like this from happening again

CA farmers are growing everything in large amounts

Streetcar Suburbs -allows people to get downtown and enjoy city amenities/work while still keeping their house at a distance and away from the city's social ills

Henry Morgan says "come not to the great city" -suburbs are a middle ground between rural and urban

Twain describes CA as "dust, heat" -makes it hard for boosters to sell agriburbs in CA

Salt Lake City Herald claims CA is a good place to send sinners to die

Americans view CA as backwards/ very negatively

Fair Oaks, CA -one of the first agriburbs

Wilson says "any day in Berkeley is better than anywhere else"

Theo Roosevelt appoints Commission on Country Life -to figure out solutions to reformers' ideas -changed structure of rural life by making ruralites dependent on government/banking

Smith-Lever Act -establishes Cooperative Extension Agency, which connects education and farmers -improve aspects of farming, both farm and domestic

Morrill Act -funded educational institutions by granting land to states to sell them and use money to create colleges -1890 revision attempted to stop racism in land grant colleges by forcing colleges to admit all races or create a college specifically for that race -education is now for everyone of all classes and races

Chinese Immigrants come for gold

Progressive Era -widespread attempt to fix problems -reaction to the Gilded Age, where many aspects of society are terrible -new political parties are formed; populists (farming), socialists (labor movement), progressives (environmental protection, want two things; solutions to social ills should come scientifically and systematically and the government should be accountable to the people/ fix problems)

CA farming is great, unlike the rest of the country -Ca implements intensive farming rather than extensive -use technology to maximize yield