События
LEAGUE OF THREE EMPORERS - 1873-78
(Austria, Russia and Germany)
Despite efforts by Austria and Russia to enlist
Germany as a future ally, Germany preferred a
non-binding agreement. Through the LO3E, if
a member was attacked all they would have to
do is advise.Eastern Crisis 1875-8
1. July 1875, revolt against Turkish rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina
2. Revolt spreads to Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro
3. Montenegro declares war on Turkey
4. Turks pulled off an upset and defeated the Serbs, stabilizing the situation
5. Russian government would not allow Turkey to re-establish herself in the Balkans
6. Russia revieved Austrian consent to drive the turks out of the Balkans, on the terms
that they would not set up a large, pro-russian Bulgaria and would allow AusBerlin Congress
Attempt by Bismarck to solve the Eastern Crisis.
He attempted to remain unbiased but the very fact
that he was presiding over a congress which stripped
Germany of many of her gains made this difficult. That being
said, Bismarck was able to find some temporary solutions:
- Bulgaria was to be split into three zones,
- The first and largest zone, the core state of Bulgaria,
would be governend by Turkey. However, Russia would
control its administration for the first 9 months.
-Austro-German Dual Alliance (1879)
In July, the Germans egged on the Russians by introducing
trade tariffs. This excluded cheap Russian grain, a major
blow to the Russian government as grain was 75% of their
exports.
Bismarck saw a renewal of the LO3E but with rising Russian
aggressions he saw this to be impossible.
The alliance was signed on the 7th October 1879:
1 - If one power was attacked by Russia, the other would
come to their aid with full force.
2 - If one power was attacked by another poweThe Alliance of Three Emporers
Despite pressures from Pan-slavic nationalists to ally with France and
attack Austria, Russia doubted France's ability to provide assistance in
the Balkans and therefore re-entered negotiations with Germany. Thus,
negotiations started with Germany in January 1880.
The Russians wanted their gains in the Balkans to be recognised as well
as the closing of the straits of the Bosphores/the Dardanelles to the British
navy.
Germany was unwilling to agree to any treaties without thTriple Alliance (Austria, Germany, Italy)
Bismarck wanted to strengthen the dual alliance because
Russian policy in the Balkans remained unpredictable, the Tsar
had began to establish contact with Pan-Slavic nationalists.Периоды
League of Three Emporers (Aus, Rus, Ger)Eastern Crisis 1875-1878Austro-German Dual AllianceThe Alliance of Three Emporers
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