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history of the call membrane
Создана
gavin wiebe
⟶ Обновлено 6 окт 2018 ⟶
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1774 Benjamin Franklin discovered that oil spread out on water into a think film
1890 Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt) was able to carefully measure the area that a known volume of oil would expand and could also calculated the thickness of the oil film
1891 Agnes Pockels developed a device that could carefully measure the exact area of an oil film
1864 Moritz Traube created an artificial cell, to study the processes of living cells, such as osmosis
1890s - early 1900s Quincke found that a think layer of oil acted as a semipermeable membrane, and determined that the cell membrane was comprised of a fluid layer of fat less than 100 nm thick
Early 1910s Ruhland added on to the mosaic theory, adding that there are pores which allow the passage of small molecules
1935 Lohmann discovered ATP, and it's role in cells as a source of energy. This lead to the proposal of a metabolically-driven sodium pump
1941 Boyle and Conway showed that the idea of electrical charges in the pores was unnecessary, because frog muscle cells to K+ and Cl-, but not Na+
1895 Charles Ernest Overton published a hypothesis stating that (1) that there are some similarities between cell membranes and lipids such as olive oil, and (2) that certain molecules (i.e., lipids) pass through the membrane by "dissolving" in the lipid interior of the membrane
1917 Irving Langmuir proposed that the fatty acid molecules form a monolayer by orienting themselves vertically with the hydrocarbon chains
1944 Dmitri Nasonov said that proteins were the central components responsible for many properties of the cell, including electrical properties.
1956 Troshin showed that the cell water decreased in solutions of galactose and urea, although these compounds slowly permeated cells
1925 Ernest Gorter and F. Grendel found that the cell membrane is a lipid bilayer
1924 Fricke found that the cell membrane was 3.3 nm thick
1939 James Danielli, E. Newton-Harvey, and Hugh Davson proposed a lipid bilayer membrane that had a layer of protein on either side
1957 J. David Robertson, using an electron microscope, determined that the dark electron-dense bands were the headgroups and associated proteins of two apposed lipid monolayers
1950s George E. Palade provided the framework for understanding virtually all aspects of membrane trafficking
Early 1960s Mueller and Rudin determined that the resulting bilayer exhibited lateral fluidity, high electrical resistance, and self-healing, in response to puncture
1970 Frye and Edidin fused two cells labeled with different membrane-bound fluorescent tags and the two dyes mixed. The results of this experiment were key in the development of the "fluid mosaic" model of the cell membrane
1972 Jonathan Singer and Garth Nicholson created the fluid-mosaic model, showing that biological membranes are composed mostly of a bare lipid bilayer, with proteins penetrating either half way or all the way through the membrane