Периоды
Confucius (551–479 BC) – Social harmony through morality; divided China.Plato (427–347 BC) – Ideal state ruled by philosophers; Athenian crisis.Aristotle (384–322 BC) – Politics & forms of government; Classical Greece.Cicero (106–43 BC) – Republicanism & law; fall of the Roman Republic.Augustine (354–430 AD) – “City of God”; authority under God; fall of Rome.Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) – Faith & reason in politics; Middle Ages.Machiavelli (1469–1527) – Political realism & strong ruler; divided Italy.Hobbes (1588–1679) – Strong authority for order; English Revolution.Locke (1632–1704) – Natural rights & freedoms; constitutional monarchy.Marx (1818–1883) – Class struggle & communism; Industrial Europe.
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