1 янв 1959 г. - The founding of Fatah

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Fatah, formally known as the Palestinian National Liberation Movement, is a major Palestinian nationalist and social democratic political party. Established in 1959 by Palestinian professionals in the Gulf, including Yasser Arafat, Fatah emerged as a key player in Palestinian politics, particularly after the 1967 Six-Day War. It became the dominant faction within the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and has been pivotal in the Palestinian national movement.

Historically, Fatah was involved in various armed struggles, including the Battle of Karameh in 1968 and the Lebanese Civil War. The movement gained prominence through its role in these conflicts and its leadership under Arafat. Following the Oslo Accords in 1993, Fatah, as part of the PLO, engaged in peace negotiations with Israel, leading to the establishment of the Palestinian Authority and a degree of self-rule for Palestinians.

However, Fatah has faced significant internal challenges, particularly after Arafat's death in 2004. The party struggled with factionalism and lost its majority in the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC) to Hamas in the 2006 elections. This loss triggered a power struggle, with Fatah maintaining control of the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank while Hamas took control of Gaza.

Fatah's ideology combines Palestinian nationalism with social democracy. Although historically associated with militant activities, the party is no longer classified as a terrorist organization by most governments. Its focus has shifted towards political and diplomatic efforts to achieve Palestinian statehood. The party's internal structure includes the Central Committee and the Revolutionary Council, and it has maintained several militant groups over the years, including the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, which were active during the Second Intifada. Despite its historical militancy, Fatah’s current role is primarily political, navigating the complex landscape of Palestinian and regional politics.

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