1 янв 1946 г. - Transorbital lobotomy introduced

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Walter Jackson Freeman II developed the transorbital lobotomy, based on a technique first reported by Italian psychiatrist Amarro Fiamberti.[4] In this operation an ice-pick like instrument was inserted through the roof of the orbit (eye socket), driven in with a mallet, and swung to and fro to cut through the white matter. Freeman used electroconvulsive therapy in the place of a normal anaesthetic and carried out the operation without the aid of a neurosurgeon. This led to a rift with Watts. Freeman performed over 4,000 of these transorbital operations

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