27 ноя 2007 г. - Annapolis Conference

Описание:

The Annapolis Conference, held on 27 November 2007 at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, aimed to revive the Israeli–Palestinian peace process and implement the "Roadmap for Peace." Hosted by the United States, the conference included key figures such as Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, and U.S. President George W. Bush, along with representatives from over 40 countries and organizations including China, the Arab League, Russia, the European Union, and the United Nations.

The conference sought to restart negotiations on a final status agreement addressing core issues like Jerusalem, refugees, borders, settlements, water, and security, with the ultimate goal of establishing a Palestinian state. The joint statement issued at the end of the conference reaffirmed the commitment to a two-state solution and the immediate launch of good-faith bilateral negotiations aimed at concluding a peace treaty by the end of 2008.

Despite the optimistic start, negotiations faced numerous challenges. Both Abbas and Olmert presented competing peace proposals, but no final agreement was reached. Key issues such as the future of Jerusalem, the right of return for Palestinian refugees, and the borders of a Palestinian state remained contentious.

Positions:

Americans: U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice conducted shuttle diplomacy to garner support for the summit. The U.S. aimed to facilitate the establishment of a Palestinian state and to support negotiations addressing core issues.

Palestinians: Abbas demanded a clear agenda and insisted on discussing all central issues. He envisioned a Palestinian state comprising the West Bank and Gaza Strip territories.

Israelis: Prime Minister Olmert showed willingness to negotiate over East Jerusalem and other contentious issues but faced significant internal opposition, particularly from right-wing parties and organizations.

Outcome: The joint understanding announced by President Bush highlighted the parties' agreement to pursue a peace treaty addressing all outstanding issues. A steering committee was established to oversee the process, and biweekly negotiations were planned. However, political complications, including Olmert's domestic legal troubles and the Gaza conflict, hindered progress.

Reactions: The conference saw mixed reactions. Hamas and Iran called for a boycott, and large protests were held in Gaza and the West Bank. Jewish and Christian groups opposed to territorial concessions also protested. Conversely, some organizations and international bodies supported the conference's goals.

Ultimately, the Annapolis Conference represented a significant attempt to advance the peace process, but it failed to produce a lasting agreement due to deep-seated political and territorial disputes.

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