1 янв 1099 г. - Siege of Jerusalem

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The siege of Jerusalem during the First Crusade took place from June 7, 1099, to July 15, 1099. It was the final major engagement of the First Crusade and resulted in the capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders, leading to the establishment of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

The background of the siege can be traced back to the Muslim conquest of the Levant and the call to arms by Pope Urban II in 1095 to reclaim the Holy Land from the Seljuk Turks. The Crusaders, responding to Urban's call, launched the First Crusade with the aim of capturing Jerusalem and restoring the Church of the Holy Sepulchre to Christian control.

After the successful siege of Antioch, the Crusaders marched towards Jerusalem, facing challenges such as dissent among the leaders and scarcity of resources. The Fatimid governor of Jerusalem, Iftikhar al-Dawla, prepared the city for the impending siege by fortifying its defenses and poisoning the surrounding wells.

The siege commenced on June 7, 1099, with the Crusaders divided into two groups attacking from the north and south. Despite initial setbacks, including a lack of wood for siege equipment, the Crusaders persisted, and reinforcements and supplies arrived from English and Genoese ships in July.

On July 14, 1099, the Crusaders launched a final assault on Jerusalem, breaching the city's defenses and gaining control of various strategic points. The ensuing battle resulted in a massacre of Muslim and Jewish inhabitants, with estimates of casualties varying among historical sources.

Following the capture of Jerusalem, the Crusaders repurposed Muslim holy sites, including the Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aqsa Mosque, as Christian shrines. Godfrey of Bouillon was elected as the ruler of the new Christian state, becoming the first King of Jerusalem.

The aftermath of the siege saw the mass slaughter of Muslims and Jews, as well as the conversion of Muslim holy sites into Christian places of worship. While some Muslim and Jewish residents were spared, many were killed or expelled from the city.

Overall, the siege of Jerusalem during the First Crusade marked a significant event in history, shaping the religious and political landscape of the region for centuries to come.

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