1 янв 161 г. до нашей эры - Roman–Jewish Treaty

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The Roman-Jewish Treaty, dated around 161 BCE, marks the first recorded contract between the Jewish people and the Roman Republic. Negotiated during the Maccabean Revolt, an uprising aimed at preserving traditional Jewish practices and securing autonomy for Judea, the treaty reflects Rome's emerging power and influence in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Background
At the time of the treaty, Rome's authority in the region was ascending, while the influence of Hellenistic successor states, such as the Seleucid Empire, was waning. Rome had already asserted dominance in conflicts against the Seleucids and Macedonians, positioning itself as a significant player in the region's affairs. The treaty was negotiated amid the Maccabean Revolt, with Judas Maccabeus seeking support for the Judean cause.

Terms of the Treaty
The treaty stipulated mutual aid between Rome and Judea in case of attack and forbade either party from assisting the enemies of the other. It also included assurances from Rome to advise the Seleucid King Demetrius I against aggression towards the Jews.

Primary Sources
Accounts of the treaty are found in 1 Maccabees and Josephus's Jewish Antiquities. The text from 1 Maccabees outlines the terms of the treaty, emphasizing mutual assistance and non-interference in each other's conflicts. It also contains assurances from Rome to defend Jewish rights against Seleucid oppression.

Authenticity
Ancient sources, including Justinus, Josephus, and medieval texts like Mirabilia Urbis Romae, corroborate the existence of a treaty between Rome and Judea during this period. While some scholars debate the treaty's authenticity, citing similarities to other diplomatic agreements of the time, many accept its historicity based on textual and archaeological evidence.

Impact
Although the treaty may not have resulted in direct Roman intervention in Judea, its existence likely deterred other states from taking extreme measures against the Jewish rebels. The treaty symbolized a recognition of Jewish autonomy and marked an early instance of diplomatic relations between Rome and the Jewish people.

Overall, the Roman-Jewish Treaty stands as a significant milestone in the history of Judea, highlighting the region's engagement with emerging powers and its efforts to secure independence amidst shifting geopolitical dynamics.

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