A major hostage crisis unfolded on 23rd October 2002, when 50 armed Chechen separatists took 850 people hostage at the Dubrovka Theatre in Moscow during a popular musical performance.
The insurgents demanded an end to Russia's military presence in Chechnya. After a tense 57-hour standoff, Russian special forces released an aerosol anaesthetic into the theatre to incapacitate the hostage-takers. They then stormed the building, resulting in all the attackers being killed.
Unfortunately, the operation led to the deaths of 130 hostages, largely due to the effects of the gas used and inadequate medical response. More than 700 people were injured. The crisis marked a pivotal point in the Chechen conflict, bringing international attention to the ongoing instability in the region.