1 янв 1870 г. - Marias River massacre of Piegans

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Federal incompetence was highlighted by yet another mass killing of friendly Indians in January 1870, this time on the Marias River in Montana, by an army detachment that shot and burned to death 173 Piegans (Blackfeet).

result: grant wanted a peace policy (used Christian advisors). He appointed reformers (former abolitionists) to creat eth Indian Rights Association and teh Women's national Indian Association. Reformers wanted equality, but they said native Americans had to become Christian and follow white cultural practices, erasing indigenous langaiges, cultures, and religons through assimilation. They ignored dissenters who didn;t like this approach. (note: white Americans were also saying similarly racist things to Chinese immigrants and African americans. with Native AMericans, they kept on saying they were "fated for extinction") They began assimilation schools (no languages other than English, white culture, hair cutting, changes in clothing, missionaries, etc and families often had no choice in sending their kids there. and they were off-reservation)

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