17 сент 1793 г. - Law of Suspects

Описание:

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— Some historians consider this the start of the Reign of Terror
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— Created whole new categories of revolutionary crime.

— decree passed by the French National Convention

— they argue that the decree marked a significant weakening of individual freedoms that led to "revolutionary paranoia" that swept the nation.

— The law ordered the arrest of all avowed enemies and suspected enemies of the Revolution, and specifically aimed at unsubmissive former nobles, émigrés, officials removed or suspended from office, officers suspected of treason, and hoarders of goods.

— The following year, the decree was expanded and became more strict.

— Implementation of the law and arrests were entrusted to oversight committees, and not to the legal authorities.

— decree fell into disuse after the fall of Maximilien Robespierre, the main architect of the Terror.


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Considered as suspect people are:
1º Those who, either by their conduct, or their relations, or by their words or writings, have shown themselves to be partisans of tyranny or of federalism, and enemies of freedom;
2º Those who cannot justify, in the manner prescribed by the decree of last 21 March, their means of existence and the acquittal of their civic duties;
3º Those to whom have been denied certificates of good citizenship;
4º Public officials who have been suspended or discharged from their functions by the National Convention or its commissioners and have not been reinstated, notably those who have been or ought to be discharged under the law of last 14 August;
5º Those former nobles, with their husbands, wives, fathers, mothers, son or daughters, brothers or sisters, and agents of émigrés, who have not consistently demonstrated their commitment to the Revolution;
6º Those who have emigrated during the interval between 1 July 1789 and the publication of the law of 8 April 1792, even if they have returned to France within the time prescribed by that law, or earlier.
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Estimated number of victims
Varies wildly:

On says: 500,000 accused suspects under the Terror, based on research into historical records. 35,000 to 40,000 casualties, including 16,594 executed following legal processes, and the other executions corresponding to the areas of civil war.

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