1 янв 31 г. до нашей эры - Octavian defeats Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium

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"In 31 B.C.E., Octavian’s forces defeated the combined forces of Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in Greece, but the two escaped. Octavian pursued them to Egypt, and they committed suicide rather than fall into his hands. Octavian’s victory at Actium put an end to an age of civil war. For his success, the Senate in 27 B.C.E. gave Octavian the name Augustus, meaning “revered one.” The Senate did not mean this to be a decisive break with tradition, but because Octavian survived and began to transform the Roman government (see Chapter 6), that date is generally used to mark the end of the Roman Republic and the start of the Roman Empire."

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