6 янв 1953 г. - Heart-Lung Bypass and Cochlear Prosthesis

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Dr. John Heysham Gibbon used his new invention, the heart-lung bypass machine, for the first time in open-heart surgery, completely supporting a patient's heart and lung functions for about half the time of the surgery. It was the culmination of his decades of work in developing the machine (nytimes).

Dr. André Djourno of France developed a cochlear prosthesis, a method of stimulating the cochlear nerve in deaf people. It was the beginning of the long road to the development of effective cochlear implants. In 1957, he performed the first cochlear implantation. He believed that medical devices should remain in the public domain and refused to patent his invention (nytimes).

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