1 янв 1795 г. - Symphony: No. 104 in D Major ("London")

Описание:

Genre: Symphony
Composer: Franz Joseph Haydn
Date: 1795
Form: Four-movement sonata cycle
Instrumentation: symphony orchestra

First movement:
Intro:
- D minor
- Common time
- Adagio
- Begins with bold unison dotted-rhythm (D-A)
- Dotted notes drawn from French-overture character
- Chromatic passages follow that create tension
- Cadences in A major

Exposition:
- D major
- Cut time
- Allegro
- Sonata form
- Theme 1 is a diatonic melody outlining the tonic triad, played softly by violins
- Theme 1 exemplifies Haydn's influence from folk songs and consists of sigh-motives
- Full orchestra then enters forte in a bold descending arpeggio
- Bridge covers wide range and modulates to A major
- Theme 2 is a transposition of Theme 1 in the dominant key (monothematic) played by woodwinds and strings
- Codetta is soft and playful, contrasts legato and staccato figures

Development:
- B minor (relative minor key)
- repeated-note figure from theme 1 (mm.3-4) predominant
- motive is passed through different instruments
- contrasting dynamic levels and different minor keys create tension
- long dominant preparation ending in fermata

Recapitulation:
- first theme returns in D major in strings
- oboe and flute duet follow
- bridge
- second theme in D major, featuring woodwind countermelodies
- two bar pause after second climax
- increased timpani parts to add excitement

Second movement:
- G major
- 2/4 time
- Andante
- sonata-rondo form
- lyrical, expressive character

Third movement:
- D major
- 3/4 time
- Allegro
- ternary form (menuet and trio)

Fourth movement:
- D major
- 2/4 time
- spiritoso
- sonata form
- folk-like character like first movement
- drone bass

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