27 янв 1987 г. - January: At CPSU plenum, Gorbachev pushes glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring)

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The late 1980's were a period of change, reform and eventually demise within the
Soviet Union. These political and economic reforms were spearheaded by Mikhail
Gorbachev, who became General Secretary in 1985 and used his position to enact
a series of humanitarian, democratic reforms aimed at improving the communist
system from within. Under previous leaders, the Soviet economy stalled, party ideology
drifted away from its Marxist roots and the government continued to wield
an oppressive hand over the people. In an attempt to !x the "agging economy and
re-energize party doctrine, Gorbachev introduced the philosophy of perestroika,
meaning restructuring. Perestroika allowed for more freedoms in the market, including
some market economy mechanisms. However, perestroika did not only
deal with the economy; it dealt with politics as well. The political reorganization
called for a multi-candidate system and allowed opposition groups to speak out
against communism. Although the motivations and intentions of perestroika are
debated in the historiography of the period, its importance to the Cold War is clearly
evident. To some degree, perestroika contributed to the fall of communism and
the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Although Gorbachev was trying to save the
system, his reforms contributed to its end.

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