40,000 - 25,000 BCE - Aurignacian Art (Period) describes the very earliest period of Upper Paleolithic art and culture in Europe European Definition (1 jan 40000 ano antes da era comum – 1 jan 25000 ano antes da era comum)

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Quote from Cork Uni (link below) -

In prehistoric art, the term "Aurignacian" describes the very earliest period of Upper Paleolithic art and culture in Europe, which coincided with the entry of anatomically modern humans into Europe and the progressive disappearance of the indigenous Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis). Named after the type site of Aurignac in the Haute-Garonne area of France, the Aurignacian period was preceded by the Mousterian era of the Middle Paleolithic, and succeeded by the Gravettian period. (For details, please see: Prehistoric Art Timeline.) Up until the 20th century, the majority of Paleolithic archeologists doubted that Aurignacian Man was capable of producing fine art. This changed during the 1930s with the first discoveries of ivory carvings in the Swabian Jura. Indeed, the earliest example of figurative art, the Venus of Hohle Fels (38-33,000 BCE) was carved during the Aurignacian. This masterpiece of prehistoric sculpture was discovered in September 2008 at the Hohle Fels Cave in the Swabian Jura of southwestern Germany. The most famous example of cave painting created during the Aurignacian culture was found in 1994 at the Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc cave, in the Ardeche valley in the Rhone-Alpes region of southern France. However, new Uranium/Thorium tests show that the El Castillo cave paintings (red dot and hand stencils) and some of the Altamira cave paintings also belong to the art of the Aurignacian period. More recent discoveries of Aurignacian cave art include the primitive Fumane cave paintings near Verona and the Abri Castanet engravings in the Dordogne, both dating to 35,000 BCE.

As the period progressed, both parietal art and mobiliary art gradually became less stylistic and more naturalistic, although it remained relatively primitive. Animals, for instance, were drawn with a degree of anatomical accuracy. Human figures, however, remained more symbolic, particularly in the case of the ubiquitous Venus Figurines which first appeared during the Aurignacian period. The latter were small fertility carvings of obese females, made with exaggerated depictions of their pelvic regions and reproductive organs. As dating methods improve, we can expect more ancient art to be designated Aurignacian.

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