Joseph - Vizier (1 jan 1758 ano antes da era comum – 1 jan 1744 ano antes da era comum)

Descrição:

Gertoux, Gérard (2015). Moses and the Exodus Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence

2nd Highest Ruler in Egypt (Age 30)

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THE PHARAOH OF THE EXODUS. FAIRY TALE OR REAL HISTORY? by Gerard Gertoux

All linguistic, geographic and temporal data over the hyksos period coming from Egyptian documents are consistent with the biblical account, since the first Hyksos dynasty (14th Dynasty) appeared exactly when Joseph was appointed as a vizier (1758-1744) by a pharaoh (Amenemhat VI?) of the 13th dynasty. It is known that Amenemhat V, a predecessor of Amenemhat VI, ruled the north of Egypt (Delta), because a stele to his name was found in the Nile Delta (in Athribis) and one of his successors, Hotepibre Hornedjheritef (1753?- 1741?), has his name preceded by his affiliation sa aamu “son of Asiatics”. Also known is the pyramid of King Ameny (“Amenemhat”) Aamu. A baton of command bearing the name Hotepibre was found at Ebla (Syria).

Joseph dwelt in the land of Goshen, also referred to as the “Field of Tanis” (Gn 45:10; 47:11; Ps 78:12, 43), which was also called “Field of Tanis (D‘w)” in Egyptian. The choice of Tanis, founded under Amenemhat I (1975- 1946), was not due to chance because, after arriving in Canaan at 75 years old (in 1963 BCE), Abraham changed the name of Kiriath-arba “City of four” into Hebron “Joining” (Gn 23:1) and then, 7 years later, founded the city of Tanis (Ṣoan) “Moving tents” (Nb 13:22). At the time of Joseph, this city had probably a few hundred Asiatic inhabitants. The order “you must appoint able men cattle chiefs over what is mine” entailed in fact significant responsibilities. The title “cattle chiefs (sarê miqneh)” may also be understood as “rulers of purchase property” (Gn 23:18). Livestock being the main wealth of Egypt, the pharaohs established, from the very beginning, regular censuses of their livestock. When the 7 years of famine ended, Joseph had to relinquish his post of vizier, however the administration (able men) he put in place continued to operate until his death (in 1678 BCE). During this period (1744-1678), Hebrew administration leaders (14th Dynasty) worked as royal governors in Lower Egypt. These Hebrew leaders are described as foolish, because of their reliance on Egyptian authorities, since this collaboration led them to support Egyptian taskmasters against Hebrew officers (Ex 5:14): The princes of Tanis are indeed foolish. As regards the wise ones of Pharaoh’s counsellors, [their] counsel is something unreasonable. How will You men say to Pharaoh: I am the son of wise ones, the son of kings of ancient time? Where, then, are they —the wise men of yours— that they may now tell you and that they may know what Jehovah of armies has counselled concerning Egypt? The princes of Tanis have acted foolishly, the princes of Memphis have been deceived, the cornerstone [the chiefs, LXX] of its tribes have caused Egypt to wander about. (Is 19:11-13). The passage, written at the time of Osorkon IV, could concern this Pharaoh, but the order: How will You men say to Pharaoh, points out only Israelites, in addition, the word “tribes” usually refers to the tribes of Israel (Ex 28:21, Nb 4:18), which has puzzled some translators, because the Egyptian system did not know this kind of division into tribes (Egypt was viewed as two lands, Upper and Lower Egypt), contrary to the Israelites. After the death of Joseph, as Hebrew people greatly increased (Ex 1:7), the royal governors of Lower Egypt received new responsibilities and eventually became king as “ruler of foreign lands (Hyksos)” (beginning of the 15th Dynasty). It can be seen there is no more vizier after Sobekhotep IV (1690-1681), a king of the 13th Dynasty, until Ahmose (1530-1505), first king of the 18th Dynasty.

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