Herod Archelaus (1 jul 4 ano antes da era comum – 1 jan 7 ano)

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Herod the Great and Jesus Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence
Gérard GERTOUX

According to Flavius Josephus, Herod Archelaus reigned 10 years. The 9th year of his reign (Jewish War II:111), at the end of which he was deposed, is dated 6 CE according to Dio (Roman History LV:25:1, 27:5) and the beginning of his 10th year (Jewish Antiquities XVII:342), marked by the end of the census of Quirinius, dated 7 CE32 (Jewish Antiquities XVIII:26).

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Yet Another Eclipse for Herod by John P. Pratt,
Reprinted from the Planetarian , vol. 19, no. 4, Dec. 1990, pp. 8-14.

Herod's Successors. If Herod died in A.D. 1, why did his sons Archelaus, Antipas and Philip reckon their reigns from 4-3 B.C.? The best answer seems to be Martin's: Herod's sons reckoned their reigns from the beginning of his son Antipater's regency with him about 4 B.C., which began either when Antipater was named heir to the throne or later at the death of Herod's two royal sons. One clue that the latter may be the best choice is that Josephus begins many books at the death of a king (marking the beginning of the next king's reign) and he begins Book XVII of Antiquities with the death of the royal sons. Herod was the only king until the day he died, but he let Antipater rule with him and handle many of the public affairs. [22] Antipater did not continue in that regency but went to Rome, and he died before Herod, but had he survived, he may well have counted his regnal years from the beginning of his regency under Herod. After Herod's death, Antipas replaced the former tetrarch of Peraea and might have dated his reign from his death in 2-1 B.C. (shortly after the oath of allegiance). [23] Not to be outdone, Archelaus could have reasoned that he was really continuing the reign of his brother Antipater, which began in 4 B.C. Finally, to maximize their reigns, all three successors might have all adopted that rationale to justify antedating their reigns.

One argument against this antedating proposal has been that the successors did not actually reign before Herod's death, but that is not the point. The question is whether or not they did, in fact, antedate their reigns. The earliest coins known for any of the successors' reigns is for "year 5," which is consistent with the antedating theory that A.D. 1, their first de facto year, was their fourth or fifth year de jure. Another apparent argument against antedating has been that Herod's son Philip built a capital city named Paneas, which second and third century coins imply was founded in 3 B.C. That founding date, however, is easily explained as simply being the first year of Philip's antedated reign. [24]

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