Entombed (15 h 3 abr 33 ano – 18 h 3 abr 33 ano)

Descrição:

Herod the Great and Jesus Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence
Gérard GERTOUX

Jewish tradition is constant: a dead man had to obtain a burial even if the circumstances were unfavourable, as stated in the Talmud of Jerusalem: The high priest nor the Nazirite may not defile himself with the death of their loved ones, but they can make it for a meritorious act. If they are travelling and meet a dead that it would meritorious to bury, according to Rabbi Eliezer, the high priest may defile himself, but not the Nazirite, while other teachers say the opposite (Nazir 7:1). Even the sentenced to death were deserving burial: Whoever allows to spend the night to a dead (without burying him) violates a prohibition (Dt 21:23); but he does not violate the honour expected to a dead by making bring him a coffin and a shroud. The condemned are not buried in the tomb of their fathers; but two cemeteries were at the disposal for the court: one for those killed and strangled, the other for the stoned and burned (Sanhedrin 6:5). The delegation of the Sanhedrin, whom Joseph of Arimathea was part of (he requested Pilate to shorten the suffering of the condemned and give them a
proper burial), behaved in agreement with Jewish law. The text in Acts 13:27-28 confirms that it was this official delegation that put the body of Jesus in a tomb, in addition, the precision implies that Jesus, who had not been buried in the cemetery of the Sanhedrin assigned for killed ones, was innocent from a religious point of view. The text of Mark 15:43 adds that Joseph of Arimathea had courage because, by offering his own tomb to bury Jesus (Mt 27:57-61), he had disavowed his colleagues who could then have excommunicated him for disagreeing with the judgment (Sanhedrin 3:7, Jn 24:42).

The women who had followed Jesus did not cooperate with the members of the delegation for his burial because they did not know that Joseph of Arimathea, a prominent member of the Sanhedrin (like Nicodemus), was a disciple of Jesus in secret: And now a member of the Council arrived, a good and upright man named Joseph. He had not consented to what the others had planned and carried out. He came from Arimathea, a Jewish town, and he lived in the hope of seeing the kingdom of God. This man went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus. He then took it down, wrapped it in a shroud and put it in a tomb which was hewn in stone and which had never held a body. It was Preparation day and the Sabbath was beginning to grow light [18:00]. Meanwhile the women who had come from Galilee with Jesus were following behind. They took note of the tomb and how the body had been laid. Then they returned and prepared spices and ointments366. And on the Sabbath day [Saturday] they rested, as the Law required (Lk 23:50-56). It is surprising that Pilate accepted the request of Joseph of Arimathea, because Jesus was formally sentenced for the crime of lese majesty, his implicit moral support might make him an accomplice. But as he knew that the official accusation was only a pretence, he did not risk anything in satisfying the demand from the Sanhedrin, especially since he could legitimately assume that this strange choice would be a source of tension among its members.

Joseph of Arimathea took the body of Jesus and wrapped it in a clean fine linen (sindoni) and deposited it in his personal brand new tomb (Mt 27:57-60). According to Jewish ritual burial (Ac 13:27-29), Nicodemus washed the body (Ac 9:37), then tied it with bandages (othoniois) by coating it with spices (Jn 19:38-42) and placed a sweat cloth (soundariô) which had been upon his face (Jn 11:44).

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