Darkness (Night 1) (12 h 3 abr 33 ano – 15 h 3 abr 33 ano)

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Herod the Great and Jesus Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence
Gérard GERTOUX

Darkness which began at noon coinciding with the killing of Jesus can be found in the text of Amos 8:9: it must occur in that day, is the utterance of the Sovereign Lord Jehovah, that I will make the sun go down at high noon, and I will cause darkness for the land on a bright day. This precision allows us to understand the amazing reckoning of Matthew 12:40 giving the length of the funeral stay of Jesus: For just as Jonah was in the belly of the huge fish 3 days and 3 nights, so the Son of man will be in the heart of the earth 3 days and 3 nights. As Jesus died on Friday at 15:00 and rose on Sunday around 6:00 he only stayed 39 hours in death, not 72 hours (= 3x24h), but there is actually a total of 3 days and 3 nights.

Night 1: Friday 14 Nisan from 12h to 15h (miraculous night);
Day 1: Friday 14 Nisan from 15h to 18h;
Night 2: Saturday 15 Nisan from 18h to 6h;
Day 2: Saturday 15 Nisan from 6h to 18h;
Night 3: Sunday 16 Nisan from 18h to 6h;
Day 3: 16 Nisan from 6h to 18h.

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Herod the Great and Jesus Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence
Gérard GERTOUX

Depuydt asserts that the oldest sources setting Jesus' death comes from Tertullian (155-222) who dated it during the consulates of Rubellius Geminus and Rufius (sic) Geminus (in 29 CE), however the earliest source is the Greek historian Phlegon of Tralles who completed in 140 CE his chronology of the most important events dated by Olympiads and he dated Jesus' death in 33 CE. Matthew mentions, for example, both an earthquake and surprising darkness (Mt 27:45-54), and not a solar eclipse during the death of Jesus from noon to 3 p.m., the hour of prayer according to Acts 3:1 (these 3 hours are far beyond the duration of a solar eclipse). Several authors report this exceptional darkening. Thallus, a Samaritan historian (30-100?), says in the third book of his Histories, quoted by Julius Africanus295 (c. 220 CE): A most terrible darkness fell over all the world, the rocks were torn apart by an earthquake, and many places both in Judea and the rest of the world were thrown down. Phlegon of Tralles gives a specific date, reported by Eusebius: In the 4th year, however, of Olympiad 202, an eclipse of the sun happened, greater and more excellent than any that had happened before it; at the 6th hour [15:00], day turned into dark night, so that the stars were seen in the sky, and an earthquake in Bithynia toppled many buildings of the city of Nicea296. The 4th year of the 202nd Olympiad was from July 32 to June 33 CE, which confirms the date of 3 April 33 CE. This information was considered reliable at the time because Origen (248 CE) quoted it to refute Celsus (Against Celsus II:14,33,59), a Greek philosopher very critical of Christianity but familiar with history. Eusebius297 also states in his quotation from Phlegon that Jesus began his ministry in the 15th year of Tiberius and he died 3 years later in the year 18. He gives a more accurate duration of not quite 4 years in another of his books (Church History I:10:2). Jerome, who published the chronicle of Eusebius, regarded it as reliable.

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