Šuppiluliuma I (2 jan 1353 ano antes da era comum – 31 mar 1322 ano antes da era comum)

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EGYPTIAN CHRONOLOGY THROUGH ASTRONOMICALLY DATED SYNCHRONISMS by Gerard Gertoux

The total solar eclipse of 14 May 1338 BCE upon the city of Akhenaten (named Akhet-aten), cited in allusion on the Amun's priest graffito62 dated III Akhet 10, Year 3 of Ankhkheperure (Murnane: 1995, 207- 208), dated 1st October 1338 BCE, and which was understood as a terrible omen against the Pharaoh, meaning: “Aten is going to die”, could explain easily the strange behaviour of the queen to get a king on the throne of Egypt. The deeds of Šuppiluliuma (28 III:11-15) tell that after Akhenaten's death the scared widow of Semenkhkare (written [Nip]Ḫururiya in cuneiform) asked for a son to Šuppiluliuma to become a “Sun” in Egypt (likely in order to get an heir). However, this unprecedented marriage never took place because the Hittite prince Zannanza (third son of Šuppiluliuma) was assassinated when he came into Egypt. Consequently, Ankhkheperure remained a widow as indicated by a jar inscription dated Year 3 of her reign63. The total solar eclipse was interpreted by Egyptian priests as a curse against Aten. For example, we read in the graffito dated 10/III/3 of Ankhkheperure: “Make worship to Amun, sniff the earth for Unnefer (Osiris) the part of scribes of the divine offerings of Amun.” So, Aten is no longer mentioned and was replaced by Amun. It may be noted that the queen died shortly after the solar eclipse.

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MOSES AND THE EXODUS: WHAT EVIDENCE? by Gerard Gertoux

Šuppiluliuma I congratulated Semenkhkare (Ḫureya) when he acceded to Egypt's throne (EA 41), then mentions the murder of Tušratta in a letter to Semenkhkare (EA 43).

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