Siptah (19 out 1202 ano antes da era comum – 16 out 1196 ano antes da era comum)

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DATING THE FALL OF BABYLON AND UR by Gerard Gertoux

Manetho168, while confirming the 7-year reign of Queen [Siptah]/Tausert (1202-1194) states: Thouôris, (...) at the time when Troy was taken, reigned 7 years (Tausert actually reigned, from 1195 to 1194, at the beginning of the war, 10 years before the destruction of Troy)169. This destruction coincides with the fall of the Hittite Empire dated indirectly in year 8 of Ramses III and in year 2 of Meli-Shipak (the last texts from Emar are dated [-]/VI2/2 and 6/VII/[2] of Meli-Shipak)170, in October 1185.

The reign of Tausert is well known173. Wife of Sety II, she exercised after his death a strong influence on his son Siptah (Regency?) then, at the latter's death, she continued his reign instead of inaugurating a new one (Sethnakht also began his reign from Siptah's death)174.

It is possible to anchor Tauserts reign, and consequently the one of Ramses III, thanks to a graffito a scribe named Thotemhab left at the Theban temple of Deir el-Bahari, in memory of his participation in the Festival of the Valley. During this annual celebration, the processional statue of Amon passed two nights at the funerary temple of the reigning monarch. The graffito of Thotemhab tells us that in the II Shemu 28 Year 7 of Tausert, the statue of Amon was transported to the mortuary temple. The Beautiful Festival of the Valley was celebrated the day after the 1st lunar day, which implies to date that “day 1 (psdntyw)” to II Shemu 27 Year 7 of Tausert175. The reign of Pharaoh Amenmes176 can not be placed between that of Merenptah and Sety II, but only in parallel with Sety II’s reign, as can be deduced from the lunar dates (see table hereafter for dates), because the insertion of a 4-year reign of Amenmes would push the lunar date, either to II Peret 21 in 1236 if the reign of Sety II is 5 years long, or to II Peret 2 in 1237 if this reign is 6 years long, yet the only possibility is that of II Peret 27 in 1232.

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