70 Yrs for Babylon (1 out 609 ano antes da era comum – 12 out 539 ano antes da era comum)

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Egyptian chronology, 2838-342 BCE, through astronomically dated synchronisms and comparison with carbon-14 dating, by Gérard Gertoux

609: Start of Babylonian's 70-year rule over all the nations. This rule started at the beginning of Jehoiakim's reign (Jr 27:1-7), after the battle of Haran during which king Josiah was killed (2Ki 23:29), 4 years before the battle of Carkemish (Jr 46:2), and it terminated with the destruction of Babylon. After Josiah's death, Jehoahaz ruled 3 months (2Ki 23:31). Jehoiakim, brought on the throne by pharaoh Necho, reigned for 11 years (2Ki 23:34,36), and afterwards Zedekiah, enthroned by Nebuchadnezzar reigned for 11 years (2Ki 24:17-18) until the destruction of the temple. [Josiah's death marked the beginning of a period of 70 years of Babylonian domination (Jr 25:11-12) beginning with the reign of Jehoiakim (Jr 27:1-7) after the Battle of Harran (609 BCE) and ending with the destruction of Babylon. It is noteworthy that the text of Matthew sets the beginning of the captivity "of" Babylon (Βαβυλῶνος) not "at", but after the reign of Josiah (Mt 1:11,17).]

539: Destruction of Babylon [and liberation of exiles] in 539 BCE after 70 years of slavery (Jr 25:11-12).
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DATING THE BIBLICAL CHRONOLOGY by Gerard Gertoux

...the "70 years for Babylon", from 609 to 539, meaning that there would be no legal sovereignty in Judah

@Isaiah 44:28-45:13 relates how this slavery period was to end. He points out five
features: The future conqueror of Babylon was 1) to be called Cyrus; 2) to submit the nations; 3) to rebuild Jerusalem; 4) to lay the foundations of the temple; 5) and to free the Jews from their exile in Babylon. The One saying of Cyrus, 'He is my shepherd, and all that I delight in he will completely carry out'; even in [my] saying of Jerusalem, 'She will be rebuilt,' and of the temple, 'You will have your foundation laid. This is what Jehovah has said to his anointed one, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have taken hold of, to subdue before him nations (...) For the sake of my servant Jacob and of Israel my chosen one, I even proceeded to call you by your name; I proceeded to give you a name of honour, although you did not know me (...) I myself have roused up someone in righteousness, and all his ways I shall straighten out. He is the one that will build my city, and those of mine in exile he will let go. Babylonian domination began in 609 and ended in 539. Those "70 years for Babylon" are succeeded by a 2nd period that would close with the end of the exile and the rebuilding of the temple.

@According to Ezra 1:1-3: And in the first year of Cyrus the king of Persia, that Jehovah's word from the mouth of Jeremiah might be accomplished, Jehovah roused the spirit of Cyrus the king of Persia so that he caused a cry to pass through all his realm, and also in writing, saying: This is what Cyrus the king of Persia has said: All the kingdoms of the earth Jehovah the God of the heavens has given me, and he himself has commissioned me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Whoever there is among You of all his people, may his God prove to be with him. So let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and rebuild the house of Jehovah the God of Israel.

@A passage of the Chronicles explains that if the 70 years of slavery in Babylon ended at Cyrus time, the main reason for the desolation (that was still lasting at Cyrus time) was the breaking of the sabbaths. According to 2Chronicles 36:17-23: So he brought up against them the king of the Chaldeans, who (...) proceeded to burn the house of the [true] God and pull down the wall of Jerusalem (...). Furthermore, he carried off those remaining from the sword captive to Babylon (...) until the royalty of Persia began to reign [in 539]; to fulfil Jehovah's word by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had paid off its sabbaths. All the days of lying desolated it kept sabbath, to fulfil 70 years. And in the 1st year of Cyrus the king of Persia, that Jehovah's word by the mouth of Jeremiah might be accomplished (...) This is what Cyrus the king of Persia has said, 'All the kingdoms of the earth Jehovah the God of the heavens has given me, and he himself has commissioned me to build him a house in Jerusalem.

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