Daniel 11 - Antiochus III & Ptolemy V (1 jan 202 ano antes da era comum – 31 ago 175 ano antes da era comum)

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Daniel 11
15 Then the king of the north shall come and throw up siegeworks and take a well-fortified city. And the forces of the south shall not stand, or even his best troops, for there shall be no strength to stand. 16 But he who comes against him shall do as he wills, and none shall stand before him. And he shall stand in the glorious land, with destruction in his hand. 17 He shall set his face to come with the strength of his whole kingdom, and he shall bring terms of an agreement and perform them. He shall give him the daughter of women to destroy the kingdom, but it shall not stand or be to his advantage. 18 Afterward he shall turn his face to the coastlands and shall capture many of them, but a commander shall put an end to his insolence. Indeed, he shall turn his insolence back upon him. 19 Then he shall turn his face back toward the fortresses of his own land, but he shall stumble and fall, and shall not be found.

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Versebyverseministry.org by Stephen Armstrong

In this battle, Antiochus III besieged the coastal city of Sidon in northern Palestine. When he defeated that city, he captured a key general, General Scopas, and his elite troops
_This event is recorded in v.15
_This was the final stronghold of the Egyptians in Palestine, so as it fell, it meant that the Seleucids had regained complete control over Palestine
_Antiochus III now had the Beautiful Land of Israel to himself
_These are the events of v.16

But meanwhile, a threat from a new enemy was rising in the west.
_Rome was gaining power and threatening to take over the world
_So, Antiochus III initiated peace with Egypt
_He offered his daughter, Cleopatra I Syra, as a wife to Ptolemy V

He hoped his daughter would secretly remain loyal to the Seleucid Empire in the north
_Instead, she became loyal to hew new Egyptian husband
_These events are recorded in v.17

Meanwhile, Antiochus III struck Rome in Asia Minor, hoping to forestall their advance
_...Roman commander[s] [Manius Acilius Glabrio by land at Thermopylae, and Scipio Asiaticus by sea at Eurymedon and Myonessus] succeeded in defending the coast from Antiochus III
_...mentioned in v.18
_Antiochus III returns to his home and dies soon thereafter, having foreseen the rise of Rome and the eventual loss of his kingdom
_These events are given in v.19

Antiochus’ Son, Seleucus IV, succeeds his father and has to submit to Roman authority
Rome requires taxes from the Northern Kingdom, so Seleucus IV taxes his people, including the Jews, greatly
_He assigns a Jewish man named Heliodorus to collect tax in Judea
_Heliodorus goes throughout the land, commanding taxes be paid, and obviously, he makes no friends
_Eventually, Heliodorus decides he must act against the king or else be killed by his own people

During a return visit to Syria, Heliodorus poisons Seleucus IV and kills him
_His situation is addressed in v.20

This murder of the king by a Jew sets the stage for intense Jewish persecution. And that persecution leads us into the next part of this chapter, which is the main thrust of the near-term prophecy. In fact, all the history we’ve covered to his point was provided as background to what comes next

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Wikipedia contributors. (2022, October 27). Ptolemy III Euergetes. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 00:35, November 24, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ptolemy_III_Euergetes&oldid=1118487143

The death of Ptolemy IV in 204 BC was followed by a bloody conflict over the regency as his heir, Ptolemy V, was just a child. The conflict began with the murder of the dead king's wife and sister Arsinoë by the ministers Agothocles and Sosibius. The fate of Sosibius is unclear, but Agothocles seems to have held the regency for some time until he was lynched by the volatile Alexandrian mob. The regency was passed from one adviser to another, and the kingdom was in a state of near anarchy.

Seeking to take advantage of this turmoil, Antiochus III staged a second invasion of Coele-Syria. He convinced Philip V of Macedon to join the war and conquer the Ptolemies' territories in Asia Minor – actions which led to the Second Macedonian War between Macedon and the Romans. Antiochus quickly swept through the region. After a brief setback at Gaza, he delivered a crushing blow to the Ptolemies at the Battle of Panium near the head of the River Jordan which earned him the important port of Sidon.

Problems at home led Ptolemy to seek a quick and disadvantageous conclusion. The nativist movement, which began before the war with the Egyptian Revolt and expanded with the support of Egyptian priests, created turmoil and sedition throughout the kingdom. Economic troubles led the Ptolemaic government to increase taxation, which in turn fed the nationalist fire. In order to focus on the home front, Ptolemy signed a conciliatory treaty with Antiochus in 195 BC, leaving the Seleucid king in possession of Coele-Syria and agreeing to marry Antiochus' daughter Cleopatra I.

Antiochus then concentrated on raiding Ptolemaic possessions in Cilicia, Lycia, and Caria. While attacking Ptolemy's possessions in Asia Minor, Antiochus sent a fleet to occupy Ptolemy's coastal cities in the area as well as to support Philip. Rhodes, a Roman ally and the strongest naval power in the area, became alarmed and sent envoys to Antiochus saying that they would have to oppose him if his fleet passed Chelidonae in Cilicia because they did not want Philip to receive aid. Antiochus ignored the threat and kept up with his naval movements, but the Rhodians did not act because they had learned that Philip had been defeated at Cynoscephalae and was no longer a threat.

Building on anti-Roman sentiment in Greece, particularly among the city-states of the Aetolian League, Antiochus III led an army across the Hellespont planning to "liberate" it. Antiochus and the Aetolian League failed to gain the support of Philip V of Macedon and the Achaean League. The Romans responded to the invasion by sending an army to Greece which defeated Antiochus' army at Thermopylae.

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