Mordecai (Marduka) is Vizier (1 jun 484 ano antes da era comum – 1 abr 483 ano antes da era comum)

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Queen Esther wife of Xerxes Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence by Gerard Gertoux

Among the cuneiform sources dating to the period of the Neo-Babylonian empire, of which 16,000 have been published35, there are only 2 individuals bearing the name Marduka: an entrepreneur36 who did business under Nabonidus until the year 5 of Cyrus (534 BCE), and a administrative superintendent37 who worked under Darius I from his years 17 to 32 (505-490 BCE), exactly the same period as Mordecai worked38. Marduka was a high official who performed some works as an accountant: Mardukka the accountant [marriš] has received (R140)39; Hirirukka wrote (the tablet), the receipt from Mardukka he received (PT 1), and royal scribe. Two tablets prove that Marduka was an important administrative superintendent and not a mere official of Darius' Palace. For example, a high official wrote: Tell Marduka, Mirinza spoke as follow (PF 1858) and in another tablet (Amherst 258) Marduka is described as a translator and royal scribe (sepīru) attached to Uštanu’s retenue, the governor of Babylon and Beyond the River40.

The Persian word sepīru means literally "scribe", like the Hebrew word sopher, but given that it is used only with scribes who worked for the king, the best translation is "royal scribe41" rather than "scribe". The Babylonian tablet Amherst 258 is dated 4/V/30 of Darius I by Theophilus Pinches who wrote: The text bears the date of the 30th year42, but as this date is now unreadable, many scholars prefer “to estimate” it at the beginning of the 5th century43. These documents show that Marduka began his career around 505 BCE as an administrative superintendent of the palaces of Darius and then held a position at the court until at least 490 BCE, since he collaborated with Uštanu an imperial governor of the satrapy of Babylon and Beyond the River. This high official had the same name as the Mordecai of the Bible, in the same period (505-490), in the same place (Susa) and had the same career.

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Esther 3
7 In the first month, which is the month of Nisan, in the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus, they cast Pur (that is, they cast lots) before Haman day after day; and they cast it month after month till the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar.

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